Body Language
I. Teaching aims and demands 教學目標和要求:
1.Topics 話題
Talk about body language
2.Function: 交際功能
提供和請求幫助(Making offers and requests)
Can/Shall I help you with that? Could you help me with...? Would you like me to...?
Do you need some help with that? Could you please...? No,thank you.Thanks for all your help.
Would you like some help? No,thanks.I can manage it myself. Could you give me a hand with this?
That's very nice of you. Is there anything else I can do for you?
3.Vocabulary 重點詞匯和短語
unfair; customer; avoid; suitcase; ahead; manage; fold; vary; crazy; part; firm; handshake; bow; fist; bend; tap; gently; anger; useless; occur; focus; specific
ahead of; give sb a hand; get through; tear down ;hold up; make a face; in order
4.Grammar:語法
動詞-ing形式作主語、賓語和表語（2）
1.用英語表達‘做某事如何的’---動詞-ing形式作主語
2.有些及物動詞后面需跟動詞-ing形式作賓語
3.絕大多數介詞后面需跟動詞-ing形式作賓語
4.用英語表達'什么事是某事' ---動詞-ing形式作表語
II. Difficult points
III. Main teaching aids教具：A tape-recorder; Multimedia, projector, role cards
Ⅳ. Main teaching methods 教法：
1. The interaction between the teacher and the students, and among the students themselves; Attention to the students’ listening, speaking, reading and writing; and so on.
2. Listening-and–answering activity to help the students go through with the listening material.
3. Use both individual work and group or pair work to make every student work and think in class
V. Teaching procedure：
Period 1第一節
（一）明確目標
1. Learn body language. Warming up to arouse the students love in talking.
2. Do some listening to improve the students listening ability.
3. Making simple dialogues to train the students speaking ability.
(二) 整體感知
Step 1 Presentation
Ask some students to the front and act out the correct emotions.
2. Ask students to make a dialogue in pairs using body language.
（三）教學過程
Step 2 Warming up
Go through warming up and make sure the students understand it and can match each picture with the correct emotion and the correct sentence.
Answers (From left to right):
1 Picture 1: Confused I don't know what to do.
2: Angry I can't believe she said that! That is so unfair!
3: Sad I've lost my wallet!
4: Happy I got anA in my exam!
5: Tired It's been a long day. I can't keep my eyes open.
2 Various answers are possible but explanations for choices should refer to details in the pictures.
3 Various answers are possible.
Step 3 Listening comprehension
Now let s have some listening training.
LISTENING TEXT:
Part 1
Which of the following is a form of communication?
A Speaking to someone.
B Standing in a comer at a party with your arms crossed.
C Avoiding eye contact with the salesman when you are buying something.
D All of the above.
Speaking, or using language to communicate, is probably the best known form of communication. However, the body language used in answer B and the lack of eye.contact in answer C can say as much or more as speech.
Let's take a closer look at answer B. You are at a party and see your friend Tom standing alone in a comer with his arms crossed. When you ask him if he is enjoying the party, he says, "Yes, I'm having a great time." Do you believe him? Probably not, because his body language is telling you that he doesn't like being there. If someone asks you later whether you think Tom liked the party, you might say "He said he enjoyed it, but it didn't look like it."
Now let's look at C. Imagine that you are a salesman at a store. You always greet your customers with a smile and then talk for a while. But what if one of your customers avoids making eye contact with you? Do you still speak to her? Probably not. By not looking at you, she has told you that she doesn't want to talk to you.
Part 2
Body language can help you decide whether a person is telling the truth or not. If a person covers his or her mouth with his or her hand, or if he or she puts his / her finger over his / her mouth, he or she may be lying. If the person you are talking to touches his or her ears or neck, this is also a sign that he or she may not be telling you the truth. How can you tell if the person you are talking to is interested in what you are saying? Watching his or her body language will give you a good idea. Someone who is interested will lean forward in their seat and will look at you when you are speaking. They may also nod their head to show that they are listening and agree with what you are saying.
1 Answers to Part 1 : ID 2B 3A
Answers to Part 2: IB 2B
2 Answers will vary but here are a few appropriate ways to communicate each feeling using body language.
Enjoying sth
smiling, opening eyes wide, rocking one's head from side to side
Liking someone
smiling, hugging oneself, leaning one's head to one side, lowering with one's eyes, leaning forward or closer
Interested in sth
staring a lot, putting a hand 10 your chin as in thought, leaning forward, opening eyes wide, shaping your mouth with a big 0, responding with the same expressions as the person who you're listening to
Disagreement
looking away, putting one's head down into one's arms, talking to oneself, whistling, frowning, folding one's arms
Not enjoying sth
yawning, sighing, complaining, frowning, looking away
In a hurry
sighing, biting down with one's teeth, not standing still, tapping one's toes on the floor, looking toward the door
Not interested
same as not enjoying
Wanting to talk to others
raising one's hand to be called on, trying to speak up, waving one's arms over one's head to }&et attention, jumping up and down, shaping one's mouth in a big 0
Step 4 Speaking practice
Situation 1: An old man is carrying a very heavy suitcase.
Asking for help
(0 = Old man; P = Paul)
0: Excuse me, young man. Could you give me a hand with this, please? It's very heavy.
P: Oh, of course, I'd be happy to. There we go.
0: Thank you.
P: You're welcome.
0: Oh my, this is heavy. Excuse me, sir, could you help me with this bag?
P: Certainly. Where should I put it?
0: Thank you. Just put it over there, please.
P: There you are.
0: Thank you, that's very nice of you.
P: Dh, not at all.
Offering help
P: That bag looks very heavy. Do you need some help with that?
0: Oh, thank you. Could you please put it over there? P: No problem. There you are. Is there anything else I can do for you?
0: No, thank you. Thanks for all your help.
P: Woultl you like some help?
0: Oh, yes, please. This bag is simply too heavy for me. Could you give me a hand with it?
P: Sure. My, this bag is heavy! Ah, there we go. Where shall I put it'?
0: Over there, please. Thank you so much!
P: You're welcome.
Situation.2:..Someone is late for a flight and wants to go ahead of the queue.
(J = Jim; A = Passenger A; B = Passenger B)
J: Excuse me, but I'm late for my flight. Could I please go ahead of you?
A: Why sure. My flight doesn't leave for another hour. Are these bags yours? Shall I help you with that?
J: No, thanks. I can manage it myself. (To the passen ger standing at the check-in counter.) Hi. May I cut
in front of you? I don't want to miss my plane.
B: Go right ahead. I'm still looking for my ticket. Do you need some help with that bag?
J: Yes. Could you please help me put it up here? Thank you.
B: You're welcome.
J: Oh no! I'm late for my flight.
A: Excuse me, but did you say that you were late? Would you like to-go ahead of me? My flight doesn't leave for another hour.
J: Thank you, that's very nice of you! Could you help
me with this bag, please?
A: Sure. There you are. Would you like me to bring it up to the counter?
J: Oh, no, thank you. I can manage it myself now.
Situation 3: An old and sick person is on a crowded bus and wants to sit down.
(0 = Old person; P = Passenger)
0: Oh my, this bus is crowded. Excuse me, could you please help me with this bag?
P: Certainly. There you are. Here, please take my seat, you look a bit tired.
0: Thank you. Yes, I'm not feeling well today. I think I have a bit of a cold. Could you please tell me when we reach Long Street? I'm afraid I can't see where we are when the bus is this crowded.
P: Sure. I'll let you know when we get there.
P: Shall I help you with that?
0: No thanks. I can manage it myself. But could you please let me sit down for a while? I'm not feeling well.
P: Oh, of course. Please take my seat.
0: Thank you. That's very nice of you.
P: Not at all.
（四）總結擴展
Step 5 Necessary language points
Today we ve done some listening and speaking, and learn how to give advice and some everyday English used between doctors and patients.
Listening and speaking聽說要點
1>What if a customer avoids making eye contact with you?
What if ...? [用法]假使...呢?;若是...又怎么樣?
[舉例]What if he doesn't come (What shall we do if he doesn't com)? 如果他不來，我們怎么辦呢？
What if it's true (Even if it's true, does it mattere)? 即使這是真的，又有什么關系嗎？
avoid [用法]vt. 避免
[舉例]They all avoided mentioning that name. 他們都避免提及那名字。
She braked suddenly and avoided an accident. 她緊急剎車,避免了一場車禍。
contact [用法]n.1. 接觸,觸碰[U](+with) 2. 交往;聯系,聯絡[U](+with)
[舉例]He tried in vain to get into contact with the local branch.
他試圖與當地分部取得聯絡,但沒有成功。
2>No,thanks.I can manage it myself.
manage [用法]vt.設法做到;勉力完成[+to-v]
[舉例]How did you manage to get their approval? 你怎么得到他們的同意的?
3>Could you give me a hand with this?
give (sb) a hand [用法]提供幫助
[舉例]He would always give a hand to anyone in difficulty. 他總是給任何有困難的人提供幫助。
4>Somebody is late for the flight and wants to go ahead of the queque.
ahead of [用法](1) 在…之前 (2) 勝過；強于
[舉例]The production plan was fulfilled ahead of time. 生產計劃提前完成了。
He is ahead of his class in English. 他的英語居全班第一。
Step 6 Summary小結:
Step 7 Homework
Period 2第二節
（一）明確目標
1. Develop the students reading ability, especially their reading comprehension.
2. Read the reading passage and know about body language
3. Learn to communicate with body language.
（二）整體感知
Step 1 Presentation
Today we come to the Reading. It’s about body language. Read the passage "Body Talk", and let the students know people from different parts of the world use different body language.
（三）教學過程
Step 2 Pre-reading discussions
Get the students to read the text and discuss pre-reading and post reading questions.
(1) How is body language different from spoken language? What do they have in common?
(2) Sometimes we say one thing but our body language says something different. Why does this happen? Can you think of any examples?
Answers:
1 Various answers are possible. Ask the students to give reasons and examples to support their answers. Possible answers include:
YES: A person's body language can tell us what he or she is feeling. For example, if someone is nervous, his or her hands may shake. If a person smiles but his or her eyes don't look happy, we can guess that there is something wrong.
NO: It is difficult to tell what a person is thinking by looking at their body language. People use body language in different ways and gestures may have different meanings in different areas. People don't always think about their body language, so we may misunderstand them if we try to guess what they are thinking or feeling. It is also possible for people to learn to use their body language to hide what they are really feeling or thinking.
2 Yes, they do, but not always. Some body language is the same in any culture. That is also the case in China. Various answers are possible as China is a multicultural country.
3 Answers may vary but Ss should give a reason why they communicate the way they do.
Introduction Learning a foreign language requires more than knowledge of its vocabulary, grammar, idioms, and informal expressions. It also requires awareness of its gestures and facial expressions since they can differ so much from culture to culture.
Summary
1 Both words and body language can express how we think and feel.
2 Gestures, a kind of body language, have different meanings in different cultures.
3 The way people greet each other varies from culture to culture.
4 Some gestures, however, have the same meaning in most cultures.
5 Smiles may be the most commonly understood fa cial expression in the world.
Step 3 Reading
Read the text carefully again, and give the students some explanations.
Step 4 Listening to the reading passage
Play the tape for the students to listen and follow. Pay attention to the pro- nunciation and intonation.
Step 5 Post-reading
Answers:
1 Various answers are possible. Situations where body language is important include: a job interview, a visit to a foreign country, a meeting, a speech, etc.
2 Various answers are possible. Body language is in some ways more limited than spoken language. Some things would be very difficult to express using body language (See Integrating Skills in the WB). It is perhaps easier to misunderstand body language. Body language tends to support and add to spoken language. Both body language and spoken language use symbols to represent meaning; in the case of spoken language, we use sounds and sound combinations to represent words and meanings. Both depend on our ability to interpret what we see or hear.
3 Various answers are possible. The listening exercise describes lying, but there are several other situations where a person's body language may not match what he or she is saying: a speaker who is trying to sound confident but whose hands are shaking; a person who says that he or she is interested in what we are saying but who looks away or taps his or her feet, etc. It probably happens because it is more difficult to control one's body language than to control what one says.
4 Gestures in China:
Waving one's hand(s); shaking one's head or hand; same as in the US; open one's eyes and mouth wide; same as in the US; no Chinese gesture; no Chinese gesture; moving one's hand up and down with the palm facing down
（四）總結擴展
Step 6 Summary 小結
Step 7 Homework
Period 3第三節
（一）明確目標
1. Learn about the useful words and expression in the reading text.
2. Learn how to use "had better", "should" and "ought to" while giving advice.
3. Discuss the answers to all the exercises in the Students’Book.
（二）整體感知
Step 1 Presentation
In this class we’ll first go through the text and learn to use some language points. And then we’ll discuss the exercises together with each other.
（三）教學過程
Step 2 Language points in the reading text
1>Like spoken language,body language varies from culture to culture.
vary [用法]vt.1. 使不同;變更;修改 2. 使多樣化 vi.1. 變化;呈多樣化[(+in/on/with)]
[舉例]He never varied his habits. 他從未改變過自己的習慣。
Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting.
為了增加趣味,教師應該使自己的課多樣化。
That sort of thing varies from person to person. 那種事因人而異。
2>Pressing one's palms together and resting one's head on the back of one's hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means 'I'm tired'.
while closing as if sleeping [用法]分詞前有時會加上連詞，使之在句中的意思、作用更加明確。
3>While there are many different interpretations of our body language,some geatures seem to be universal.
while [用法]然而；盡管
[舉例]He was not able to hatch chickens while the hen could. 母雞能孵出小雞來，而他卻不能。
While I like the color of the hat,I do not like its shape.
我雖然喜歡這頂帽子的顏色，但卻不喜歡它的樣式。
4>A smile can help us get through difficult situations.
get through [用法]1. 通過,穿過 2. (工作)完成 3. (測驗)合格 4. 接通電話
[舉例]When you get through with your work, let's go out. 你完成工作后,我們出去吧。
Tom got through. 湯姆考試及格了。
I rang you several times but couldn't get through.
5>And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.
feel down [用法]感到不愉快
6>That's incredible!I can't believe it.
incredible [用法]a. 驚人的，不可思議的，難以置信的
[舉例]Michael told us an incredible story about his grandmother catching a thief.
邁克爾給我們講了一個他祖母抓小偷的令人難以置信的故事。
7>Bending your arm and making a fist is to say that you are angry.
Bend [用法]v. 1.（使）彎曲 2.（使）屈服
n. 彎曲；彎曲處；轉彎處
[舉例]He bent the iron bar as if it had been of rubber. 他把鐵棒象膠一般地弄彎了。
She bent her head and hurried on. 她低下頭匆匆往前走去。
Alan bent down and kissed the child. 阿蘭俯下身親了親孩子。
8>He bought a new cellphone,but then he ended up receiving a lot of short messages.
end up doing [用法]以 ... 為結局
[舉例]A: Didn't you go shopping for a computer? 你不是去買電腦嗎？
B: Yes, but I ended up buying a TV instead. 對啊，但最后我卻買了電視回來。
Step 3 Practice: Vocabulary
Some suggested answers to Part 1:
1 fist: See examples on page 61 in the. SB.
2 hip: Swinging your hips is a way of saying you're happy or in a good mood. Pushing your hips to the left or the right can be a way to push people out of your way.
3 thumb: Putting your thumb up to express that you like something.
Biting your thumb to show strong dislike.
Sticking your thumb out from an extended arm to ask for a ride.
4 index finger: Pointing your finger to scold someone. Turning your palm up and bending your finger toward you to ask someone to come to you or follow you.
Tapping your finger to your head to tell ' someone to think carefully.
Putting your finger to your lips to ask someone to be quiet or whisper.
5 cheek: Kissing you on the cheek to' show affection or to greet someone.
Slapping someone' s cheek to express your anger at being insulted.
Scratching your cheek with your fingers to show that you're confused.
6 palm: Putting your hands out in front of you with 'your palms up to beg or ask for something.
Putting both your hands out at your sides and palms up to show you don't know something.
Putting palms against your cheeks to show surprise or shock.
Answers to Part 2: IE 2A 3B 4F 5C 6D
Step 4 Practice: Grammar
Answers to Part 1:
1 Waving one's hand is to say "Goodbye"
2 Shaking someone's hand is to say "Hello."
3 Shaking one's fist is to show anger.
4 Holding up one's head is to say "I'm not afraid." 5 Putting up one's hand is to say "Let me try."
6 Making a face is to show you are unhappy.
Answers to Part 2:
1 amazing 2 disappointing 3 inviting 4 encouraging 5 shocking 6 exciting
Answers to Part 3:
1 That big supermarket was always crowded, so she stopped going there.'
2 I feel like taking a rest. Would you mind my sitting down for a while?
3 He likes going to the mountains every weekend.
4 My grandfather is nearly seventy and still enjoys playing tennis (a game of tennis).
5 I can't go to the cinema today. I must finish doing my homework.
6 He bought a new cellphone, but he ended up receiving a lot of useless short messages.
（四）總結擴展
Step 5 Summary
Have we ever tiled to make snacks or seen our mother make snacks. Let’s try to write the recipe for your favorite dish. Before writing, you should read Tips first.
Step 6 Homework
Period 4 第四節
（一） 明確目標
1. Review the language points learnt last period.
2. Get the students to know the importance of body language.
3. Do some writing to develop the students writing skill.
(二) 整體感知
Step 1 Presentation
Show more gestures and let the students guess the meanings. Introduce Shuang huang.
（三）教學過程
Step 1 Question the students on some language points
Step 2 Integrating skills
We have learnt how to give advice. Now let’s try to write letters giving advice. Here in our textbook there are letters asking for some advice. Read them quickly, then write down four pieces of advice for each of them using "had better (not) , "ought (not) to or should (not) .
Many students like having snacks. Is the habit good or bad? Let s read “Snacks".
Step 3 Listening to the Passage
Step 4 Reading comprehension
After fast reading, do the following True-or-False exercises.
Give the students some explanations when necessary.
Step 5 Writing
Now let s have some listening training.
Sample story
The following story is an example of a comedy. It is meant to be especially silly and therefore requires Ss to really use their imagination to accept it.
A mother gave her son a piglet as a pet for his l0th birthday. Soon her son and the pig became best friends. Sometimes they would be very naughty and play in the mud.
But as the boy grew up, he forgot about the pig. First, he got a dog that chased after him everywhere. Then the boy took a strong interest in playing basketball. Finally, as a young man, he saw the film Titanic and began to dream of finding true love on a sailing ship at sea.
Over the years, the pig became more and more jealous. Finally, the pig, which was very clever, got an idea. It had found a way to get the young man's attention again. One day it left its pen and stood under the tree where a terrible snake lived. Then the pig squealed all day and all night. The young man's mother heard the pig and went outside to look for it. When she saw the pig she guessed what it was thinking and felt pity for it. So she got her camera and took a photo of the pig under the tree with the snake looking down at it. She called her son on her mobile phone and put it near the pig's mouth. The pig gave a great performance. It cried and cried for help. Then the mother sent the photos to her son, who was at college. During Spring Festival, he came home and ran to the pig to hold it tight. Oh, he thought, how terrible for his poor pig to be frightened by the snake!
（四）總結擴展
Step 6 Necessary language points
Today we ve done some listening and speaking, and learn how to give advice and some everyday English used between doctors and patients.
1>Make up a funny story and perform your story in the form of Shuanghuang.
in the form of [用法]以某種形式
2>When you write a story,you should give as many details as possible and put things in order.
detail [用法]vt. 詳述，詳細說明
n. 1.細節，詳情 2.枝節，瑣事
[舉例]Don't omit a single detail. 一點細節也不要漏掉。
I like your plan, now tell me all the details. 我喜歡你的計劃，請把全部細節告訴我。
Step 7 Homework
Period 5 第五節
（一）明確目標
1. Do some listening to improve the students listening ability.
2. Making simple dialogues to train the students speaking ability.
（二）整體感知
Step 1 Presentation
Today we come to the Workbook and do the listening comprehension and also do some talking practice.
（三）教學過程
Step 2 Listening comprehension
LISTENING TEXT:
Part 1
P: Hi, Mary.
M: Hi, Pete.
P: Listen, Mary, I need your help. You know that girl that I like?
M: The one you met at the picnic?
P: Yes, that's her. Her name is Jenny. Yesterday, we had lunch together and we talked for about twenty minutes.
M: That's great!
P: Well, maybe. That's what I want to ask you about. How do I know if she is interested in me?
M: Oh, I see. Well, you can look at a person's body language. It can tell you a lot about what a person is thinking. For example, was she smiling when you talked to her?
P: Yes, yes, she smiled a lot, actually. And she made eye contact with me several times. That's good, isn't it?
M: Yes. Now, did she look down first and then look away?
P: Yes, sh_ did. Is that bad?
M: Mm, not always. But it's not good. Did she play with her hair? P: What do you mean? . M: Did she push her hair back, or throw her hair back off her shoulder?
P: Yes, I think she did.
Part 2
M: Tell me more about what she did. Did her hands touch her face?
P: No, she didn't. She didn't move about that much. She sat quite still and when we stood up she didn't vary the way she stood.
M: Are you sure about that? That she didn't move?
P: Yes. Why? Is, it important?
M: It could be... Were there any other people there?
P: Yes, Jack and Tom were there, too.
M: I see. Did she talk to them?
P: Of course she did.
M: No, I mean, did she talk 'to them a lot or did she focus her attention on you? .
P: Oh, on me. She talked to me most of the time. In fact, I think she only said a few words to Jack and Tom.
M: I see. Well, let's see what we can learn from her body language.
Suggested Answers:
Sentence 1, 3, 5 and 7 are true according to the tape. The score is 3 x 2 = 6, minus 1 = 5.
Step 3 Talking practice
Sample descriptions
Various answers are possible.
1 Policemen catching a criminal: Three men ran towards the man who was carrying the bag. One of the three men pointed something at the man and moved his left arm up and down. The man with the bag dropped the bag and put his hands in front of him, palms forward. His mouth was open and he closed his eyes. The man who had been pointing at him reached out and grabbed one of the man's arms. He turned the man around and held both of the man's arms behind his back. Then he took out something from his pocket and put it on the man's wrists. Two of the three men put their hands on the man's shoulder and led the man away. The man hung his head.
2 A person getting a taxi: A man was standing on the sidewalk. He was looking very carefully at the cars on the street. When a red car with a light on its roof came, he stepped forward, stretched out his right arm and waved it up and down. He kept his hand open, , the palm of his hand facing down. The car stopped, he opened the door, sat down, put on his seat belt and the car drove off.
3 Tai qi: This morning, I saw a group of people standing in a park. One of them stood in front the others and the rest were all watching him. He lifted one of his feet off the ground and moved his arms in a big circle. All the others did the same. Then the man lifted his foot higher and bent his knee. He put his left arm over his head and stretched out the other one. The others followed.
Additional actions:
Two people hugging each other: Two people saw each other on the street. They both stopped, made a strange noise, and then ran towards each other. They put their arms out and it looked like they were going to fight each other. When they got close, they put their arms around each other and jumped up and down.
A person tying his or her shoes: I saw a girl walking. She stopped and bent down. She put her hand on each side of her foot and lifted two strings. Then she moved her hands in circles and crossed her arms. When she was finished, she stood up and walked away.
Step 4 Sample talking
Step 5 Summary 小結
Step 7 Homework
Period 6 第六節
（一）明確目標
1. Discuss all the answers to the exercises in the Workbook.
2. Learn to use the grammar knowledge
3. Further develop the students’ writing skills.
（二）整體感知
Step 1 Presentation
In the class
（三）教學過程
Step 2 Vocabulary
Answers to the exercises:
1 occur, avoid, contact, fold, part, vary, focus
2 1 get through 2 in detail 3 give you a hand 4 hold up 5 ahead of 6 tom down 7 in order
8 made a face
Step 3 Grammar
Answers to the exercises: 1
BODY LANGUAGE MEANING IN CHINA
Waving one' hand Hello! / Goodbye!
Shaking the head Disagreement
Nodding the head Agreement
Putting up a hand, May I ask a question?
Kissing Love
Holding up one' head Not afraid / proud
Hanging one's head feeling sorry for having done something wrong
Waving one's arms Feeling very happy
Touching one's stomach I'm full. / I've a stomachache.
Cupping one's ear I can't hear you.
Various answers are possible. The students should use one or more of the sentence patterns below.
In China, waving one's hand means "Hello" or "Goodbye".
In China, shaking the head is a way to show disagreement.
In China, nodding the head means "I agree."
In China, a person who puts up his or her hand wants to ask a question.
In China, kissing is a way to show that you love someone.
In China, holding up one's head means "I am not afraid" or "I am proud."
In China, a person who hangs his or her head usually feels sorry for having done something wrong.
In China, waving one's arms means "I am very happy."
In China, touching one's stomachache mean either "I am full" or "I have a stomach ache."
In China, cupping one's ear means "I can't hear you."
2 1 singing 2 to pass 3 phoning 4 working, to give
3 1 Waiting in a long queue is a waste of time (and I don't like it).
2 Filling in long forms takes a lot of time and few people like it.
3 Getting up early every morning is a good habit.
4 Getting all the materials ready before the end of this month is your homework.
5 Knowing the students' needs and interests is part of a teacher's job.
4 1 Ok. 2 Stop. 3 Be quiet.4 Very good / Well done.
Step 4 Integrating skills
We have learnt how to give advice. Now let’s try to write letters giving advice. Here in our textbook there are letters asking for some advice. Read them quickly, then write down four pieces of advice for each of them using "had better (not) , "ought (not) to or should (not) .
Many students like having snacks. Is the habit good or bad? Let s read “Snacks".
Step 5 Listening to the Passage
Step 6 Reading comprehension
After fast reading, do the following True-or-False exercises.
The text describes how dogs, elephants and dolphins use body language to communicate.
Dogs
Dogs use facial expressions, sounds, body movements and their tail to communicate. A happy dog may: raise its ears; open its eyes wide; bark excitedly; wag its tail; i run around in circles; jump up and down. A dog that is afraid may: lay its ears back; close its eyes; show its teeth; lower its body; shiver or tremble; put its tail between its legs. An angry dog may: stare at you; show its teeth and snarl; keep its body upright; try to look as big as possible; hold its tail straight out from its body.
Elephants
Elephants communicate with sounds the movement of their ears, their trunks and body. Elephants can smell if another elephant is sick and even sometimes guess how it is feeling. The elephant uses its trunk to make noises that can mean "I am hungry," "I am angry" or "Good to see you." To say "Watch out!", an elephant may spread its ears; to show friendship elephants will touch each other with their trunks and stand close together.
Dolphins
Dolphins show anger by slapping their tail on the surface of the water. If a dolphin jumps high in the air and lands on its side, making a big splash, it is either sending a message over a long distance or simply showing its strength. Happy dolphins swim in groups, play with each other and make small jumps into the air. Tired dolphins will swim in small groups close to the surface.
Suggested Answers
1 Dogs mainly use their face and tail to communicate. They also use sounds and body movements to tell others how they feel.
2 Elephants express friendship by standing close to each other and touching each other with their trunks.
3 Various answers are possible.
Emotion Dogs Human beings
Happiness
When a dog is happy, its ears will stand up and its eyes will be wide open. A happy dog will bark excitedly, wag its tail and may run around in circles or jump up and down. We smile or laugh when we are happy. We may jump or dance.
Fear
A dog that is afraid will lay its ears back and close its eyes. It may show its teeth, lower its body, shiver and tremble, and put its tail between its legs. We may sweat or tremble when we are afraid.
4 Various answers are possible. Animals are generally believed to lack the ability to communicate abstract concepts and displacement (it is not easy for them to talk about things or places that cannot be seen, nor are they able to talk about the remote past or future).
A = Animal, H = Human, B = Both, P= Possible to say with body language
Sentence A H B P
What time is it? Yes Yes
I'm hungry! Yes Yes Yes Yes
Look at this beautiful flower! Yes Maybe
What did you do last week? Yes No
I'm sorry I lied to you yesterday. Yes No
What would you like to eat tonight? Yes No
Step 7 Sample writng
Sample paragraphs
1 Puppy rescue
SARAH'S NEW FRIEND
One day, Sarah was on her way home from school. As she was passing a few trash cans, she heard a strange noise. She stopped and saw that a small puppy was trapped in some old rusty wires. The puppy was dirty and its whole body was trembling. Its ears were drawn back and its tail was between its legs. Sarah bent down and petted the puppy. She managed to get the puppy out of the wires and lifted it up. The puppy was wet and cold. She held the puppy in her anns and brought it home. Her" mother gave the puppy some warm milk and put it between thick blankets. The puppy was soon asleep. The next morning, it ran into Sarah's room, barking excitedly and jumping up and down. Sarah's mother watched her daughter and the dog and said, "It looks like you have found a new friend!"
2 Dolphin swim
My ADVENTURE WITH THE DOLPHINS
I woke up early and hurried down to the boat. Today we were going to go swimming with dolphins and I was very excited. We got on the boat and the captain told us how we should act. "We must be careful not to do anything the dolphins don't like. If the dolphins are happy, they will swim in groups and play and jump. If they do, we can swim with them. If they are swimming close to the surface, it means that they are tired. In that case, we must not disturb them. We soon saw the first dolphins. They were playing and jumping and swam in circles around the boat. That meant we could go ahead and swim! Suddenly, one of the dolphins jumped high into the air and landed on its sides with a big splash. I asked the captain if that meant that the dolphin was angry. "Oh no." he said, "Sometimes it means that a dolphin is angry, but today it just wants to show how strong it is." We watched the dolphins and then put on our gear.
3 Elephant ride
PETE'S ELEPHANT EXPERIENCE
"Wow! It's huge!" Pete looked at the elephant and wondered if he'd really be brave enough to ride one. The man holding the elephant told them about the elephant's body language. "If the elephant spreads it ears, you have to be careful. I_ could be a warning sign." Two of the elephants stood very close to each other and touched each other with their trunks, sometimes gently rubbing their foreheads together. I asked the man what they were doing. "Well," he said, "that's almost like a kiss or a hug. These two elephants are good friends and they are greeting each other." The man helped me climb on top of the elephant. The elephant started walking and we moved slowly down the path. It felt great, even if I was a bit scared. Suddenly the elephant lifted its trunk and made a strange noise. I look at the man. "Don't worry," he said, "that means it likes you."
（四）總結擴展
Step 5 Summary
Have we ever tiled to make snacks or seen our mother make snacks. Let’s try to write the recipe for your favorite dish. Before writing, you should read Tips first.
4. workbook
1>She speaks to the man most of the time and focuses her attention on him.
focus [用法](1) n. 焦點
vt.1. 使聚焦(+on) 2. 使集中(+on)
[舉例]Bring the object into focus if you want a good photograph.
如果你想拍一張好照片，把物體對準在焦點上。
The beams of light moved across the sky and focused on the plane.
光束在空中移動,集中對準飛機。
2>She seems eager to part with the man as soon as they meet.
part [用法]vt.1. 使分開,使分離(+from) vi.1. 告別,分手(+as)
[舉例]Her lips were parted in a half smile. 她張開嘴微微一笑。
They parted in London. 他們在倫敦分了手。
3>She seems a little interested,but maybe she is just being polite.
is just being polite [用法]be being + 行為形容詞，如： brave、careful、stupid、clever、foolish、polite、kind、shy等，表示非一貫性或故意之行為。
6. Grammar points
一、動名詞在句中作主語
Collecting stamps will cost you a lot of money.集郵將花費你很多錢。
Driving a car isn’t as comfortable as traveling by train. 開車旅行不如乘火車旅行舒服。
1． it作形式主語，當動名詞短語在句中作主語時，為了保持句子平衡，我們用it作為形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末。如： It’s dangerous playing in the street.在街上玩是危險的。
It’s no good arguing with him.與他爭論是沒有好處的。
必背句型： It’s no use doing…= It’s of no use / It’s useless + to do sth. It’s nice /fun doing sth. It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of …doing sth.. It’s very difficult doing sth..
注：能用動名詞作主語的句子比較少一些，主要用于no good, no use, useless, senseless, dangerous, waste等詞作表語的句子。
2．在下列句型中只能用動名詞作主語。
There is no+v-ing(…是不可能的) =It is impossible to do sth. =No one can …(or we can not…)
There is no joking about such matters.這種事開不得玩笑。
There is no getting in touch with him和他取得聯系是不可能的。
注：動名詞短語在句中作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數。
二、 動名詞在句中作表語
動名詞在句中作表語時一般表示抽象的習慣性的動作，表語和主語常常可以互換。
My job is teaching English.(Teaching English is my job.)我的工作是教英語。
三、 動名詞在句中作賓語
They have finished doing their homework.他們已經做完作業了。
Nothing can stop us from realizing the four modernizations in our country.
什么也不能阻止我們國家實現四個現代化。
1．在下面的及物動詞或短語后面，只能用動名詞作賓語。
advise建議，admit承認，allow允許，appreciate感謝，欣賞avoid避免，consider考慮，認為，delay推遲，deny否認，dislike討厭，enjoy喜歡，escape逃脫，excuse原諒，finish完成，forgive原諒，imagine想像，keep保持，mention提到，mind介意，miss錯過，postpone延緩，practise練習，prevent阻止，resist 抵抗，risk冒險，suggest建議，understand理解，can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做……，can’t stand不能忍受，give up 放棄，put off 推遲，leave off 停止等。
I don’t allow smoking in my room.我不允許在我房內吸煙。
She can’t stand waiting for her friend for a long time.她不能忍受長時間等候朋友。
Would you mind opening the window for me ?您介意替我把窗子打開嗎？
Excuse my being late,please.=Excuse me for being late.請原諒我來遲了
Heavy rain prevented my visiting him yesterday.=Heavy rain prevented me from visiting him yesterday.
昨天，大雨阻止了我拜訪他。
2．在介詞后面作賓詞，動名詞常跟在一些固定詞組后作賓語。
（1）add to加上，be afraid of 怕（產生某種后果），be ashamed of為……感到羞愧,be busy(in)doing sth.忙于做某事,be clever at在……方面聰明, be fond of喜歡,be good at擅長,be interested in對……感興趣,be proud of為……而驕傲,be successful in在……方面成功,be sick of對……感到惡心, be tired of厭煩, depend on依靠,dream of夢想,devote…to…把……貢獻,excuse…for…為……而原諒，feel like愿意 , hear of 聽說insist on堅持,know of對……了解,keep…from…阻止……做……, spend…on在……花費,spend…(in)doing sth.花……做某事, stop…from…阻止……做……,stick to堅持,succeed in在……取得成功,thank…for… 為……而感謝……,think of 想到.
表示“阻止某人做某事”的幾個短語中stop, prevent 后的from可以省略，而keep后的from不能省，因為keep sb. doing sth. 表示”使某人一直做某事”.
(2)在下面句型中也常用動名詞.
There is no use/ need /harm/ hurry +in doing sth
There be/We have fun /some difficulty/some trouble/problem/pleasure/a good time/a hard time +in doing sth.
例如： He is busy preparing his lessons.他忙于備課。
Einstein spent the rest of his life living in the USA. 愛因斯坦在美國度過他的晚年。
I had some difficulty in explaining the maths problem to him. 我費勁地給解釋這道數學題。
The little girl is interested in drawing pictures.小姑娘對畫畫感興趣。
We look forward to going abroad.我們盼望出國。
Is there any hope of your team winning the match? 你們隊在比賽中有希望獲勝嗎？
He insists on no one knowing about the experiment. 他堅持認為沒人了解有關實驗的情況。
四、分詞在句中作表語
在系動詞be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, sound, appear等后面的現在分詞作表語時，一般表示主動或表示主語的性質和特征。含有“令人……”之意，多數情況下主語為物：
The first impressions are most lasting.最初的印象歷時最久。
This piece of news is encouraging.這條消息鼓舞人心。
作表語的分詞大部分是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的，而且這類分詞實際上已基本形容詞化。常見的有以下分詞：amusing, astonishing, boring, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, exciting, interesting, missing, promising, puzzling, shocking, surprising, striking等。
The novel is very interesting and we are all interested in it. 這本小說很有趣，我們對它都很感興趣。
These colours are pleasing.這些色彩令人愉快。作表語的現在分詞和進行時態中的現在分詞的區別。
在系表結構中，現在分詞表示主語的特性，be 為系動詞，可以換作其他的系動詞。而在進行進態中，現在分詞表示主語正在進行的動作，在句中與助動詞be一起構成謂語，此結構中的助動詞be不能換成其他的助動詞。
The news is moving.這消息令人感動。（moving為表語，說明主語的特性）
His heroic deeds are moving us.他的英雄事跡正在感動著我們。（moving為現在分詞，與助動詞are構成謂語）
Step 7 Homework
Period 7 第七節
1． 檢查本單元單詞、短語及相關句型。
2． 講評統一布置的課外基礎練習。