1、meet/meet with
(1).meet 意為“碰見”“遇見”“見到”。
e.g.I'm glad to meet you.很高興見到你。
He had never met a foreigner who spoke such perfect chinese.
他從來沒有遇見一個能說這樣好的漢語的外國人。
而meet with則強調“偶然遇到”“碰到”(come across;meet sb.by chance)
e.g.I have met with this word many times in my reading.我在閱讀中多次碰到這個詞。
I had not seen him for years but met with him in the street yesterday.
我幾年沒見他了,但昨天在街上碰到了他。
(2).表示主動地去“接”或“迎接”要用meet。
e.g.I'll meet my uncle at the station.我將到車站接我叔叔。
I'm to meet the seven o' clock train.我去接7點鐘的火車。
而表示“遭到”“遭遇”(后接抽象名詞),“受到”(=to receive)要用meet with。
e.g.He met with an accident when riding a bike.他在騎車時遇到了意外事故。
We met with a warm reception.我們受到了熱情的接待。
(3).表示一般性的“會見”“約見”“見面”,常用meet。
e.g.I didn't care to meet these people.我不愿見這些人。
I must be off.I'm meeting a comrade from Beijing at six.我得走了,我6點要會見一位北京來的同志。
但表示較正式的“會見”“會晤”,常用meet with。
e.g.He met with the Prime Minister of Japan for an hour.
他會見了日本首相一個小時。
(4).meet 還有“應付”“滿足”“適應”等意義,還可構成習語make both ends meet (使收支平衡,維持生活)。
e.g.They didn't know how to meet the situation.他們不知道如何應付這一局面。
We must try our best to meet the demand of the market.我們必須盡力滿足市場的需求。
They could hardly make both ends meet in the past.過去他們簡直無法維持生活。
2.tear(at)/tear down/tear up
(1).tear為“撕,扯”意思,但tear可用于及物或不及物動詞(常與at連用,只表“撕,扯”動作本身,并未言及結果)。試比較:
Why did you tear the cloth when I had advised you to cut it with scissors?
為什么我勸你用剪子剪,你卻把布扯了。
He is tearing at something.他在扯什么東西。(并未言及結果)
(2).tear down短語動詞,“拆毀,撕下”。
e.g.They are tearing down the old houses to make way for a new road.他們正在拆除那些舊房子,以便修一條新路。
He tore down the notice.他撕掉了那個布告。
(3).tear up短語動詞“撕碎,撤銷”。
e.g.She tore up the letter as soon as she had read it.她看完信后就把它撕碎了。
He told the lawyer to tear up the old contract and prepare a new one.
他告訴律師撤銷舊合同,制訂一份新的。
另外,tear up 還有“(連根)拔起”之意。
e.g.An elephant can tear up a tree by the roots.大象能把一棵樹連根拔起來。
3.China/Chinese/China's/of China
代表國家的專有詞“China,China's,Chinese及of China”都可修飾名詞,但用法又有所不同。
首先我們對這四個詞做一個分析,China既可作名詞又可作形容詞,作名詞時意為“中國”,作形容詞時意為“中國的,中國產的”;Chinese同樣既可用作名詞,又可用作形容詞,作名詞時意為“中國人,漢語,中文”,作形容詞時意為“中國的,中國人的,漢語的,中文的”;China's是China作名詞時的所有格形式;of China是China作名詞時與of構成的“of-結構”,作名詞的后置修飾語,它們都可以修飾名詞,其主要區別如下:
1.China與Chinese
(1)兩者均可修飾名詞,并常構成名詞固定短語,表示特殊意義。China表示“中國產的,來自中國的,中國土生土長的”或“在中國流行式樣的”,一般指來源。
e.g.China silk 中國絲綢 China tea 中國茶 China rose 月季花
另外,也有些詞已形成單獨一個詞。 e.g.China town中國城,唐人街
但用Chinese時,一般指“與中國(人)有關的或具有中國(人)特點的”,側重于“具有中國特色的”,更多地是指文化方面,多用于人文。
e.g.Chinese calendar 農歷,陰歷 Chinese classics 中國古典文學
(2)當China與Chinese與后面的名詞構成固定短語時,有時兩者可互用。
e.g.China ink=Chinese ink 墨
China wood oil=Chinese wood oil 桐油
但有時用China 或Chinese意義不同。
e.g.China policy 指其他國家的對華政策 American China policy 美國對華政策
Chinese policy 中國人自己所實行的政策
(3)China及Chinese均可構成專有名詞
e.g.China Daily 中國日報 China Centre Television 中央電視臺
Chinese Academy of Science 中國科學院 the Chinese Olympic Committee 中國奧委會
(4)Chinese除能構成固定名詞短語及專有名詞之外,還具有普通形容詞的兩種意思:
a.“中國的、中國人的、中文的”
e.g.Chinese characters 漢字 Chinese food 中國食物
b.“中國風味的”
eg.Chinese dishes 中國菜 a Chinese room 中國式建筑或房間布置
2.China's與Chinese的用法比較
(1)兩者都有“中國的”之意,但用China's時,一般把國家作為眾人構成的集合體看待,并常用擬人用法。
e.g.China's reform 中國改革
China's foreign trade 中國對外貿易
而Chinese一般只是表達“中國的,中文的”等形容詞意義。
e.g.a Chinese girl 一個中國女孩
(2)有時在同一名詞前用China's或Chinese時意義不同。
e.g.China's chi-pao 中國生產的旗袍
Chinese chi-pao 中國式樣的旗袍(不一定中國生產)
3.China's及of China
(1)China's一般用于人文或與人文有關的場合,而of China一般用于構成所有格,表示所有關系。我們一般用the map of China而不用China's map。
(2)of China還常構成一些專有名詞
e.g.the Communist Party of China 中國共產黨
the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國
the People's Bank of China 中國人民銀行
注意當涉及到固定短語及專有名詞,在判斷用哪一種形式時,應以字典為據。
4.would like,feel like
feel like和would like 都表示“想要干某事”。
(1)feel like 中的like是介詞,后跟名詞或動名詞.如:
I feel like sleeping/taking a walk.我想睡/散步。
I don’t feel like walking very much today.今天我不想走太多的路了。
Do you feel like having something to eat?你想要點東西吃嗎?
I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
I feel like some fish and chips for supper.晚飯我想吃些魚和土豆條。
It’s so hot. I feel like a swim.天真熱,我想去游泳。
(2)would like 中的like 是動詞,后跟不定式或名詞。如:
What would you like to do now ?你現在想做什么?
I would like to have dinner with you.我想和你一起吃飯。
I would like to talk to you for a minute .我想和你談一下。
Would you like some help?你需要幫助嗎?
5.cause, reason
(1)cause是造成一種事實或現象的“原因”。后接介詞of.如:
Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.造成火災的原因通常是不謹慎。
Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter.熱是物體膨脹的原因。
(2)reason是說明一種看法或行為的“理由”。后接介詞for.如:
You must tell him the reason why you won’t accept his offer.
你必須告訴他你為何拒絕他的提議。
6.get through, go through
I tried to telephone you but I couldn’t __________.
A.put through B.get through C.go through Dcome through 答案:B
(1)get through 和 go through 表示“通過(某地、議案等);用完”時可互換使用。如:
The man was so fat that he couldn’t get/go through the door,那人胖得連那扇門都過不去。
The plan for this term will have to get/go through the leading group of the school。本學期計劃得經校領導班子通過。
I have got/gone through three pairs of shoes in a month..這一個月內我穿壞了三雙鞋。
(2)get through 和 go through又各有其意義:
get through :通過考試;接通電話
I got through everything except English .除英語外我別的都極格了。
I can’t get through to Beijing.The line is busy.我打不通北京的電話,占線。
go through:檢查;看一遍;經歷(困難,痛苦)
I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed.我將作業檢查了一遍,以確定什么都沒有漏掉。
Go through the text from the beginning .把課文從頭看一遍。
She must have gone through a lot.她一定吃了不少苦。
7.loving,lovely,lovable
(1)loving意為“愛慕的;鐘情的;深情的。”如:
He gave her a loving kiss.他給了她一個深情的吻。
(2)lovely 意為“可愛的,美麗的;迷人的”。如:
The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden.
這幢房子有很多大房間,并有一個惹人喜愛的花園。
(3)lovable 意為“可愛的,惹人愛的”。多形容人或動物。有時可以與lovely互換。
如:
She is a lovable child.她是個可愛的孩子。
It is a lovable kitten.它是一只可愛的小貓。
Step2近義詞填空
1.meet/meet with
(1)The farmer some difficulty.His crops need water badly.
(2)I want you some of my friends.
(3)They had to change the plan in order to the new situation.
(4)The Chinese leaders the foreign guests in the hall yesterday.
(5)The foreign guests a warm welcome when they arrived.
(6)Thank you very much for coming to me.
答案:(1)met with (2)to meet (3)meet (4)met with (5)met with (6)meet
2.occur / happen
(1)The December Ninth Movement _______ in 1936.
(2)Just as I was leaving the house it________ to me that Ihad forgotten my key.
(3)It so _______ that I had on money with ,e.
答案(1)happened/occurred (2)occurred (3)happened
3.emotion/felling/sense
(1)I don’t mean to hurt your _________.
(2)He has a fine ______ of humour.
(3)He spoke of his dead wife with deep______.
答案(1)feelings (2)sense (3)emtion
4.habit/custom
(1)Don't get into the of smoking.
(2)It is the for westerners to celebrate Christmas.
(3)He was in the of going for a walk before breakfast.
答案:(1)habit (2)custom (3)habit
簡析:habit表示“習慣”,“習性”通常指個人的習慣,一旦養成,便難戒除。其后常接of doing sth.。如“養成……的習慣”,get/fall into the habit of doing sth.或form the habit of doing sth.如表示“戒掉……的習慣”,可用fall/get out of the habit of doing sth.。custom表“風俗”,“習慣”,常用來指某個國家、某個地方或某個社會的風俗習慣,有時也指生活習慣,后面接動詞不定式。
e.g.The western customs are different from the Chinese ones.