(一)如何使用marry一詞
(1)marry在大多數情況下是及物動詞,需要賓語或用被動語態。
e.g.When did she get married?
她是什么時候結婚的?
(2)在有副詞修飾時,marry可作不及物動詞用。
e.g.She married very early.
她結婚很早。
(3)“和某人結婚”不能說“marry with sb.”,應該說“marry to sb.”也可以不與介詞搭配,將marry用作及物動詞。
e.g.She married a doctor.
or:She was married to a doctor.
她和一個醫生結了婚。
(4)marry和get married都是非延續性動詞,因此不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,表示結婚已有一段時間應該用be married。
e.g.They have been married for ten years.
他們結婚已經10年了。
(5)問現在的婚姻狀態時,可以說“Is she married (or single)?”但不能說“Has she married?”
(二)keep一詞用法小結
keep是高考常考詞匯之一,其含義豐富,與其搭配的短語也很多,其主要用法如下:
用作及物動詞
(1)保留,保存,保持,留下
e.g.We’d better keep a seat for him.
我們最好給他留個座位。
He kept all the money in the bank.
他把所有的錢都存入了銀行。
(2)履行(諾言),遵守
e.g.One should keep one’s promise.
一個人應當遵守自己的諾言。
Everyone must keep the law.
人人都必須守法。
(3)贍養,養活,飼養
e.g.He has a large family to keep.
他有一大家人要養活。
The old man kept many animals like dogs,pigs and cats.
這位老人養了許多動物,像狗、豬、還有貓等。
(4)經營,管理
e.g.He kept a hotel in this city.
在這座城市里,他開了一家旅店。
She is good at keeping house.
她擅長管理家務。
(5)保守(秘密),記(日記、賬)
e.g.Can you keep a secret?
你能保守秘密嗎?
The boy keeps a diary every day.
這個男孩每天記日記。
(6)使……處于某種狀態(情況)
在這種情況下,keep常跟復合結構(keep+賓語+補語)。用作賓語補足語的詞有現在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞以及介詞短語。
e.g.He kept me waiting for half an hour.
他讓我等了半個小時。
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
少說話,多觀察。
The doctor kept me in for a week.
醫生一周沒讓我出去。
He always keeps his books in good order.
他總是把書放得整整齊齊。
用作不及物動詞
(1)保持,繼續(處于某種狀態)(keep為系動詞)
e.g.Please keep quiet.
請保持安靜。
We’re keeping in very good health.
我們身體非常好。
(2)(食物)保持良好狀態。
e.g.Will this fish keep till tomorrow?
這魚能放到明天嗎?
keep構成的一些短語
keep(sb.)away(from sth.)(使)離開(某物)
keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
keep sth.in mind記住某事
keep sb./sth. out(of sth.)不讓……入內
keep back忍住(眼淚),扣下,隱瞞
keep in touch with 與……保持聯系
keep(on)doing sth.繼續做某事
keep off遠離,避開
keep up 保持(不低落),繼續
keep up with 跟上,不落在后面
(三)afford的用法
及物動詞,其主要用法如下:
(1)“擔負得起(……的費用、時間)”,常與can,could,be able to連用,表示“有足夠的(時間、金錢等)條件(做某事)”。
afford +n./pron.
e.g.Now many people can’t afford the medical treatment in the country.
現在在農村許多人看不起病。
I can’t afford the time for it.
這時間我花不起。
afford to do sth.
e.g.Before liberation many people couldn’t afford to go to school.
解放前,許多人上不起學。
We can’t afford to buy this new house.
我們買不起這新房子。
(2)提供,供給,給予(正式用語)
afford sth.
e.g.The trees afford a pleasant shake.
這些樹提供陰涼。
afford sb.sth./afford sth.to sb.
e.g.Reading affords us pleasure.
閱讀使我們快樂。
History affords lessons to us.
歷史給我們提供經驗教訓。
(四)關系副詞when/where不能替代“介詞+which”的場合歸納。
在定語從句中,when/where往往可以代替某些“介詞+which”。
e.g.Tell me the time when/at which the train leaves.
告訴我火車發車的時間。
You’ll have some spare time when/during which you can learn English at home.
你會有些在家你可以學習英語的業余時間。
This is the school where/at which I used to study.
這就是我過去上學的那所學校。
Think of a place where/to which we can go for dinner.
想出一個我們可以去吃晚飯的地方。
但在下列情況下,when/where不能代替“介詞+which”。
(1)當since,until,after,before+which時,不能被when代替。
e.g.I met Jack in 1980,since which I have never seen him.
我是在1980年見過杰克的,自從那時以來再也沒見他。
He came back at ten,until which we worked.
他十點鐘回來的,直到那時我們還在勞動。
He went to school at 8,before which he read English.
他八點鐘上學,這之前他讀了英語。
(2)當on,behind,in front of,through,from,beside,around+which時,不能被where代替。
e.g.I saw a desk on which was a book.
我看見一張桌子上有本書。
The house,in front of which there is a tree,is my home.
那所房子是我的家,其前有棵樹。
This is the window through which the thief came in.
這就是賊從那進來的那個窗戶。