1. worth的用法
worth用作形容詞,意思是“值(多少錢);相當于……的價值” 或“值的”。常用于以下句型:be worth + money (the price)值多少錢(價) be (well) worth doing sth. / n. (很)值得做某事。如:
It was worth five hundred francs at the most.它至多值 500法郎。
The place is well worth visiting.這地方很值得訪問。The place is well worth a visit.
It is well worth visiting the place. How much is the necklace worth? 這個項鏈值多少錢?
注意: be worth后接動名詞的主動式,表示被動的含義。
2. prefer的用法 prefer是動詞,意思是“寧愿;較喜歡;更喜歡”。常用于以下句型:
l)prefer+ n.(pron.)喜歡……; 2) prefer doing (to do) sth.寧愿做某事;
3)prefer sb. to do sth.寧愿某人做某事; 4)prefer sth.to sth.喜歡某東西,而不喜歡某東西;
5)prefer doing sth. to doing sth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事;
6) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事。
He always prefers to ride a bike rather than ride on a crowded bus.他總是寧愿騎自行車而不愿意坐擁擠的汽車。
She prefer to live with her parents.她寧愿與父母住在一起。
3. would rather... than...與rather than的區別
1)rather… than的意思是“寧愿……而不愿……”,than后接動詞時用原形。2)rather than的意思是“而不是……;與其…并愿…”。注意;在使用以上兩句型時,要考慮“平衡”問題,即其前后必須是同類的句法單位。如:
She would rather die than give in.她寧死不屈。She would die rather than give in. Rather than give in she would die.
The colour seems green rather than blue.這顏色似乎是綠的而不是藍的。
4. take part in, join, join in 與 join sb. in doing sth.的區別
1) take part in“參加”。其后接表示會議、勞動或者文娛體育等活動的名詞。它的主語是活動的積極參與者。
2)join作及物動詞用,是“參加”或“加入”某個組織并成為其中的一員。3)join in指“參加”一群人的某種活動。4)join sb. in doing sth.意思是“和某人一道去做某事”。如:Many students took part in (joined in) the game.許多學生參加了這個比賽。
All my friends join me in wishing you a happy birthday.我的所有朋友和我一道祝你生日快樂。
He joined the army (party) three years ago.三年前他參了軍(人了黨)。
It is three years since he joined the army( party) . He has been in the army (party) for three years.
He has been a soldier (a party member) for three years.
5.注意every的常見結構: 1) every + 基數詞十復數名詞 2)every十序數詞十單數名詞 3)every other十單數可數名詞 4)every few十復數名詞 5)every four days (every fourth day)每四天(每隔三天) 6)every three or four days每三四天 7)every other day (line)每隔一天(行) 8)very few days每幾天
6. The old Olympic Games from which the modern games came, began around the year 776 BC in Greece.
本句中含有“介詞十關系代詞”引導的定語從句,在使用這個結構時要注意:
l)其中的介詞要根據定語從句中謂語動詞的習慣搭配來決定。若先行詞是物,用“介詞十 which”;若先行詞是人,用“介詞十 whom”。如:This is the man of/about whom we talked several times.這就是我們曾經幾次談到過的那個人。
This is the hospital in which he was born.這就是他出生的那家醫院。
2)若“介詞十關系代詞”表示時間,則相當于“when”;若“介詞十關系代詞”表示地點,則相當于“where”
A bookshop is a shop from which (where) people can buy books.書店是一個人們可以從里面買書的商店。
對定語從句中的謂語動詞是含有介詞的短語動詞時,介詞放在動詞之后,不能拆開。如:This is the key which you're looking for.這正是你在找的鑰匙。That is the baby whom you will look after.那是你將要照看的嬰兒。
7.the same as, the same…as…與 the same…that…的句型
l)the same as +單詞或短語(沒有謂語動詞)
This is the same as that.這個與那個一樣。 Your coat is the same as mine (my coat) .你的外套與我的樣。
2)the same + n. + as +n.(pron.)(表“……與……相同”) the same+ n. + as+定語從句(表“與……相似”)。
I have bought the same car as yours.我買了一輛與你一樣的小車。 I have bought the same car as you have.
3)the same+ n. + that引導的定語從句(表示“與……同’”)。如: Look ! This is the same girl that begged from door to door the other day.看!那個女書同前幾天沿門討飯的女孩是同一人。
1) allow doing sth.的用法 allow是動詞,意思是“準許;允許”,常用于以下句型: 1) allow doing sth.允許于某事; 2) allow sb. to do sth.允許某人于某事; 3) sb. be (not)allowed to do sth.某人被允許于某事; 4) allow sb. in (out)允許某人進來(出來)。如:Please allow me to introduce myself to you.請允許我向你們作自我介紹。They do not allow smoking here.他們這兒不允許吸煙。The men are not allowed to have beards.男人不允許留胡子。
9.與time有關的常用短語
in modem times在現代 at times有時候 all the time一直;始終 at that time在那時 at the same time 同時 once upon a time從前 from time to time時常;有時 at the time此時;眼下 in a few days' time幾天后 by the time到……時候為止 in time及時;遲早;最后 for the first time第一次 on time準時 after a time過了一會兒 any time在任何時候at a time每次,一次,一度at one time同時,曾經 一度at no time 決不 at other times在另外一些場合中 in no time 立刻,很快、
10.event與accident的區別
兩者都有“事件”之意,但含義不同:event特指歷史上的重大事件,多指國家和護 社會的事件,也可指人生大事;accident是意外事件、偶發事件,一般指不幸的事故,如“車禍;天災”之類。如:His father who was killed in an accident once said that the May 4th Movement was a great event in the history of China.他的父親在一次車禍中喪生了,曾說過五四運動是中國歷史上的一件大事。注意: event在本課指的是“比賽項目”; by accident意思是“偶然地”。
11.such as與 for example的區別; 兩個短語都可以譯作“例如”,但用法有所不同:
1)such as用來列舉事物,和被列舉的事物一起放在所要說明的名詞之后,有時也然可分開使用。“such as十被列舉的事物”作前面名詞的同位語。2)for example主要是用來舉個例子,在句中作插入語,可位于句首,句末或句中。
Some boys such as Tom, Mike like to play football.有些男孩,例如湯姆、邁克,喜歡踢足球。
Some students, for example, John, live in the city.有些學生,例如約翰吧,就住在城里。
12. The people of Beijing, and of the whole country, will be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and sports fans from all over the world.北京市民及全國人民正在為點燃奧運火炬、歡迎來自世界各地的運動員、運動速而準備著。
1)這是一個較為復雜的句子。“of Beijing, and of the whole country”是定語,修飾“the people”;不定式短語“to light the Olympic torch”作賓語,不定式短語“to welcome athletes and sports fans from all over the world.”用作目的狀語。
2)prepare的用法 用作及物動詞,意思是“準備;調制”。主要有以下用法:
A.prepare可眼雙賓語,間接賓語后移時用 for引導。如:My mother is preparing us a meal.媽媽在為我們準備膳食。My mother is preparing a meal for us.
B.prepare通常跟for引起的短語,表示“為……做好準備”。如:What special food do people prepare for the Spring Festival?春節人們準備什么特殊食物?She was going to prepare for her trip.她在為旅行做準備。
C. be prepared to do sth.有時相當于(be willing/ready to do sth.),意思是“準備做…”;“愿意做……”。如.I am not prepared (ready) to listen to your excuses.我不打算聽你的借。He was not prepared to accept your invitation.他不準備接受你的邀請。
D. prepare to do sth.準備做… 如:We are busy preparing to go on holidays.我們正在忙著準備休假。
注意。preparation是prepare的名詞形式,常用于以下結構:
be in preparation在準備中 in preparation for為……做準備 make preparations for為…微準備
13.effect的用法
1)effect可用作可數名詞和不可數名詞,意思是“效果;作用;影響”等。如:The medicine has no effect.這藥無效。 The medicine is of no effect. Our efforts are beginning to have/take an effect.我們的努力開始見效了。
2)effect常用詞組:have good/bad effects on對…產生好的(不好的)影響 have/take (an) effect on (upon)生效;開始發生作用of no effect(作表語)沒有作用 without effect(作狀語)沒有作用
14.encourage的用法
encourage只用作及物動詞,意為“鼓勵;鼓舞;促進;助長”等,常用于以下句型:
1) encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人做某事。如:My parents often encourage me to study hard.我的父母經常鼓勵我努力學習。
2) encourage sb. in sth.在……方面助長(鼓勵)。如:Don't encourage him in laziness.別助長他的懶惰行為。
We must encourage her in her studies.我們必須鼓勵她用功學習。
注意: encouraged和 encouraging作形容詞時,前者說明人“受到鼓舞的”,后者多用于修飾說明物,意思是“令人鼓舞的”。如:We were encouraged by his achievements.他的成就使我們受到了鼓舞。The early results are encouraging.初步的結果是令人鼓舞的。by hand的意思是“用手;手工制作”,有強調不是用其他什么工具之意。如;
All these letters are written by hand.所有這些信件都是用手寫的。Her bag was made by hand.她的包是手工制品
注意: hand的常見短語:hand in hand 手拉手 at hand 在手邊give sb. a hand 幫某人的忙價 hand out分發 shake hands with sb.與某人握手 hand in上繳 hand down傳下來 in one’s hand在某人的手里(上) from hand to hand從一個人傳到另一個人 on the other hand另一方面
16. more than的用法種種
1)more than用于修飾形容詞、名詞或動詞而不是數詞時,可看作習語,意思是“不止,不只是;非常”等。
My parents were more than happy to hear of my success.父母聽到我的成功非常高興。
The Big Man Yao Ming has more than just size: he also has great skill and speed and he is a team player.身材魁梧的姚明并不只是體現在他的身高上,作為一名隊員,他還具備相當的技術和速度。
“more十形容詞十than十形容詞”這種句式用于主語本身的兩種品質的比較。
2)強調more之后的形容詞,而不是由than之后的形容詞。常譯成“與其說……到不如說……”。
I'm more disappointed than angry.與其說我生氣,到不如說我失望。
3)“more than one十單數名詞”作主語時,其謂語動詞用單數;“more十復數名詞十than one”作主語時,謂語動詞用復數。如: More than one student has seen the film.不止一個學生看過那部電影。 More students than one have seen the film.
注意:no more than與not more than后跟數詞時的區別:no more than的意思是“僅僅;只有(only)”,有嫌少之意,帶有說話者的主觀色彩;not more than的意思是“不到…(某個數字)(less than)”,無嫌少之意,也不帶有說話人的任何主觀色彩。如: His whole school education added up to no more than one year.他所受的全部學校教育加起來僅僅只有~年。
His whole school education added up to not more than one year.他所受的全部學校教育加起來不超過一年。
【語法點評] 一般將來時被動語志用法歸納
A.一般將來時被動語態由“shall(will)+ be十及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。使用時應注意下面句型由主動語態變為被動語態的方法:1)主語十謂語十賓語。如:
主動: We' 11 build a new house next year. 被動: A new house will be built ( by us) next year.
2)主語十謂語十間賓十直賓(含有雙賓語的主動語態,在變為被動語態時可將其中一個賓語改為主語,另一個不變。習慣上把門接賓語變為被動語態的主語。
主動: My mother will give me a shirt. 被動: I will be given a shirt (by my mother) .
注意:如果把直接賓語改為主語,則在間接賓語前加 to或 for。如:
主動: My mother will buy me a new coat. 被動: A new coat will be bought for me( by my mother ) .
3)主語十謂語十賓語十賓補。如:
主動:We' 11 ask him to help you tomorrow. 被動:He will be asked to help you ( by us ) .
注意:含有復合賓語的主動句變成被動句時,將其中的賓語變為主語,賓補不變。
B.注意一般將來時的其它幾種被動語態形式:
1) be going to be(done); be to be(done)。如:
主動: We are to repair the machine tomorrow. 被動:The machine is to be repaired ( by us ) tomorrow.
2) shall(will)+get + 過去分詞(多用于非正式場合)。如:
主動:I' 11 get the work done. 被動:The work will get done by me.
3) will+ become十過去分詞。如:The truth will become known.