Step1 Lead-in
She said, “ They are using PSAs to educate people.”
She said that they were using PSAs to educate people.
“ We must not give up in the face of pressure.” she said.
She encouraged us not to give up in the face of pressure.
Step 2 Direct speech and reported speech (直接引語和間接引語)
I、定義
直接引語：
間接引語：
Practice:指出下列句子屬于直接引語還是間接引語。
He said, ‘I will go to school tomorrow.’
He said that he will go to the school the next day.
She said to me , ‘I am going to London with my father.’
She told me that she was going to London with his father.
She said, “Do you often come here for a visit.”
She asked if I often went there for a visit.
II、直接引語如何變成間接引語
人稱變化：
①He said, “I have been to Japan.”
He said that ___ had been to Japan.
②She said, “I'll give you an exam tomorrow.”
She told us that ______ would give ____ an exam tomorrow.
③She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?”
She asked me when _____ had _____ dinner.
時態變化
一般現在時 一般過去時
現在進行時 過去完成時
現在完成時 一般將來時
She said. "I have lost a pen."→
She said. "We hope so." →
She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→
注意：①The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
→
②“I’ll never forget the days in the country.”
→
She says that
③My father said to me, “I read the book in 1986.”
→
④He said to me, “I have taught English since I came here.”
→
3.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語、及方向性動詞的變化
指示
代詞 this→ 地點狀語 here→
that → 方向性
動詞 come→
時
間
狀
語 now→ bring→
today→
this week→
yesterday→
last week(month)→
Three day (month) ago→
tomorrow→
next week(month)→
1. ‘I will come and see you again this evening, Tom.’ he said.
2. ‘I will come here again today,’ she said.
The doctor said to the patient, ‘You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow.’
Practice
1. “I never eat meat.” he said.
He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3. “I took it home with me.” she said.
She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.
6. “You must come here before five.” he said.
He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.
4句式的變化
⑴陳述句
He said, “I came to see you.”
⑵疑問句
一般疑問句
Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?”
He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”
選擇疑問句
He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?”
I asked, “Will you take bus or on foot?”
特殊疑問句
He said to me，“Where are you from?”
He asked us, “How many factories are there in your country?”
⑶祈使句
①She said to us, “Please have a break.”
②The teacher said, “Don't smoke in the classroom.”
③The officer said, “Go out!”
⑷感嘆句
She said, “What a lovely day it is.”
Practice
1. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school.
A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring
2. The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the grass.
A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing
3. Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her off.
A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go
4. The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth.
A. whether the moon goes B. that the moon went
C. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went
5. She asked him ____.
A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that was
C. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is
6. Mary’s mother asked her _____.
A. that whether she had finished her homework
B. if she has finished her homework
C. if she had finished her homework
D. that if she had finished her homework
7. Do you know ____?
A. what is he doing B. what he doing
C. what he is doing D. what does he do now
8. I don’t know ____ to learn English.
A. when did he begin B. when he began
C. he when began D. when he begins
9. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.
A. how excited they were B. how excited were they
C. how they were excited D. they were how excited
10. Do you remember how many times ____ to Australia?
A. had you been B. did you go
C. have you been D. you have been
11. The boss asked his secretary ____ ____he had finished typing the report .
A. if; or not B. if; not
C. whether; or not D. whether; not
12. I wonder how much _____.
A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his car
C. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car