科目 英語
年級 高二
文件 high2 unit2.doc
標題 Mainly Revision
章節 第二單元
關鍵詞
內容
一 、【教學目的和要求】:
1. 單詞和詞組:
go ahead L.5 四會
smoker burn down packet remain L.6
public give up
be used to hardly L.7
club L.8
non-smoking cigarette typewriter tape-recording L.5 三會
tobacco nation habit reduce compare L.6
compared to therefore
dislike smelly share non-smoker get into the habit of L.7
comparewwith L.8
Hank permission L.5 二會t
male ban L.6
drug cancer nicotine L.7
2. 日常交際用語
Do you mind if I do…? I’m sorry, but it’s not allowed.
Would you mind if I did…? No. Go ahead.
I wonder if I could use your phone. Sure. Go ahead.
May/Can/Could I do…?
3. 復習名詞性從名作賓語和表語的用法。
二 、【重點與難點】:
L.5
1. Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽煙你介意嗎?
Would you mind if I smoked in the office next door? 我到隔壁辦公室抽煙你介意嗎?
在這二個句子中,mind作“介意”,“反對”解,這時,以上二個句子可直譯為“如果我抽煙,你反對嗎?”,“如果我到隔壁辦公室抽煙,你反對嗎?”
Would / Do you mind…? 是提出請求的表達方式,后面一般直接跟動詞的~ing形式或跟if從句。在回答時,如果不反對,也就是表示愿意時,可用Certainly not,(或Certainly),No go ahead. Not at all. I don’t/won’tt。但是表示反對或不愿意時,顯得不太客氣,因此一般說I afraid you can’t. I’d rather you didn’t或者用you’d better not.等表示較委婉的語氣。
例如:Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? 如果你不介意的話,我問你幾個問題可以嗎?
Certainly not, Go ahead. 當然可以,請問吧。
Would you mind if I sat here? 我坐在這兒你介意嗎?
I afraid you can’t. 恐怕不能。
另外需要注意的是在Would you mind if I sat here?句中,如果前面用了would ,if從句中通常用一般過去時,但它不表示過去,而是表示說話人的禮貌與委婉的語氣。
在Do/would you mind …?這一結構中,除了后面用if從句外,還可以用動詞的~ing形式。這時表示說話人請求對方做某事,動作的執行者仍是主語you,因此也不用if從句。但是mind后面的動作不是主語you的動作時,用動詞~ing時,前面須有人稱代詞賓格或物主代詞,這一人稱代詞賓格或物主代詞便是動詞~ing形式的邏輯主語,也就是動詞~ing形式的動作執行者。例如:
Would you mind opening the windows? 請您把窗子打開好嗎?
Would you mind my opening the windows? (or, Would you mind if I opened the
Windows?) 我打開窗子您不反對吧?
這類問句的回答同前所述。
2.I wonder if I could use your phone. 我能不能用一下你的電話?
Sure. Go ahead. 好的,你用吧。
a. I wonder if I could /can…是請求允許的交際用語,表示請求對方允許自己干某
事的意思。句用的wonder是動詞,作想“想知道”解,后面可以跟if/wheather 從句。另外句中的could 比can在語氣上更委婉一些。在回答這一請求時,表示肯定時多用:
Sure, go ahead. 好的,請吧。
Yes, please do. / Of course /Sure. 當然可以。
如果作否定回答,則用:
I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行吧。
I sorry, but…對不起,…
you’d better not. 最好不。
b. 句中的go ahead 直譯為“往前走” ,“先走” ,“走在前面” 。但在這里用于
引伸意義,表示鼓勵對方做某事,作“請吧” 、“說下去”、“請盡管用”解,常見于日常對話中。
例如:Can I have a look at your new dictionary?
Sure, Go ahead.
“我可以看一下你的新詞典嗎”?“可以,看吧”
L.6
1. Every year, millions of smokers die because of illness which are caused by
smoking tobacco.每年有數以百萬計的人因吸煙而引起病死亡。
句中的die because of …也可以說die of …,作“因……而死亡”解。die of常指由于疾病,饑餓,寒冷,年老等而死亡,同時也表示死于憂愁、失戀等情感因素。例如:
The man died of lung cancer.哪個人死于肺癌。
The beggar died of cold and hunger.這個乞丐由于寒冷和饑餓而死亡。
The poor man died of sorrow.可憐的窮人因憂愁而死亡。
另外,指除了疾病或情感以外的原因造成的死亡一般用die from來表示,課文中出現類似的句子有:
This is because each year millions of smokers die from the habit.這是因為每
年有數以百萬計的煙民因吸煙而死亡。
The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.每四個煙民中就
有一人可能因吸煙而死亡。
The problem is that 300 people are dying each day from illness caused by smoking.
問題在于每天都有300人死于因吸煙而引起的疾病。
但有時die from也可以用來指由于疾病的原因而造成的死亡。
例如:He died of /from lung cancer. 他死于肺癌。
2.Finst, money is spent looking after people with illnesses which have been caused by smoking.
第一,政府要花錢來照顧因吸煙而患病的人.
a. 表示“花錢/時間干某事”可能性用句型“sb spends time/money doing sth”。在此句中,用的是這一句型的被動語態結構。例如:
Every morning he spends half an hour reading English.他每天早晨用半小時讀英語。
He spent a lot of money mending his old car.他花了很多錢修他那輛舊車。
b. 句中的cause為動詞,表示“導致”、“引起”,作及物動詞,有時可接直接賓語和間接賓語。例如:
Somoking can cause lung cancer.吸煙可致肺癌。
He caused his parents much unhappiness.他惹得他父母很不愉快。
She’s always causing trouble for people.她總是給人添麻煩。
cause也可以作為名詞,作“原因”、“理由”、“事業”解。例如:
What was the cause of the accident?這場事故的原因是什么?
She is never absent from work without good cause .她決不無故缺勤。
His life was devoted to the cause of justice .他為正義事業而獻身。
3. The bedclothes catch fire and the whole house may be burnt down.鋪蓋著火了,整個房子都可能燒掉。
a. catch fire作“著火”、“起火”解,有動態的含義,(尤指意外地燒著,著火。)
The house caught fire while we were away. 當我們外出時,房子著火了。
The girl was standing too close to the fire and her dress caught fire. 那小姑娘站得離火太
近了,衣服燒著了。
除此之外,還有短語be on fire, set …on fire表示“燒著”、“著火”的意思,但be on
fire有靜態的含義,而set …on fire是“使……著火”、“放火燒……”的意思。例
如: Look, the house is on fire. 瞧,房子著火了!
The police caught the man who set the house on fire.警察抓住了放火燒那房子的人。
b. 動詞短語burn down 作“燒毀”、“燒掉”解,主語一般是表示事物的名詞。例如:
The house burnt down in half an hour. 那所房子在半小時之內就被焚為平地。
Don’t leave the gas on, or you might burn the house down. 別忘了關煤氣,不然會把房子燒掉的。
4. China produces one third of the world’s agarettes. 中國生產的香煙占全世界香煙的三分之一。
請注意英語中分數表達法:
除二分之一( )和四分之一( )分別由a(one)half和 a(one) quarter表示外,分數的構成通常是分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞。如果分子大于1,則分母用序數詞的復數形式,如: (two thirds), (three quarters), (one half) (two sixths), (four fifths)
5 .Every year, tobacco companies must persuade new people to start smoking agatettes.
每年煙草公司要設法使一些不吸煙的人開始吸煙。
句中的persuade是“勸說”、“說服”的意思,常用于persuade sb to do sth句型中,
意為“說服某人干某事”與其相同意思的結構有persuade sb into doing sth .這時表達的
意思是“某人已被說服干某事”;如果要想表達“說服某人干某事”這種愿望時,而
某人未被說服,則多用try to persuade..例如:
The salesman persuaded us to buy his product.售貨員勸說我們購買他的產品(我們買了。)
Who persuaded you to join this society?誰勸你加入的個團體?(他已加入了)
How can we persuade him into joining us?怎么才能說服他參加我們的活動呢?
The parents tried to persuade their daughter to change her mind, but they failed to .你父母試 圖勸說他的女兒改變主意,但未勸說成功。
6.The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking. 每四個煙民中就有一個可能因吸煙而死亡。
在句中chance 作“可能性”解,既可作可數名詞,也可作不可數名詞。例如:
The chances are a hundred to one that he will win. 他只有百分之一贏的可能性。
Is there any chance of getting tickets for the perfornance ? 有可能得到這場演出的票嗎?
Chance作可數名詞用時,作“機會”解。例如:
you won’t get another chance of going there. 你沒有再到那里去的機會了。
Please give me a chance to explain. 請給我個機會讓我解釋一下。
但chance作“偶然性”、“運氣”解時,則為不可數名詞。例如:
Chance plays a big part in many board games.在許多棋類游戲中,大多靠碰運氣取勝。
It was chance that we met in Shanghai. 我們在上海相遇屬巧合。
chance還可作動詞用,作“偶然發生”、“碰巧”解,這時用法上相當于動詞happen,
句型為chance to do …和It chanced that …。例如:
She chanced to be in when I called.
我打電話時碰巧她在家。
It chanced that she was in when I called.
7. In Britain, sales of agarettes have been reduced by 30% in the late ten years . 過去十年來,英國的香煙銷售量下降了30%。
句中的reduce為動詞,作“縮減(體積、數量、程度、價格)”、“減小”、“減少”“降低”解。常與介詞by或to連用,表示“減少了……”,“減少到……”。例如:
The number of the students in each class should be reduced to 40.每個班的學生人數應減到
40人。
He reduced his weight from eighty to seventy kilos.他把體重從80公斤減少到70公斤。
He reduced his weight by 10 kilos. 他體重減少了10公斤。
Their wages have been reduced by 20%.他們的工資減少了2%。
reduce的反義詞是increase(增加),與by連用時,表示增加的程度;與 to連用時,
表示“增到……”例如:
The wages of the workers have been increased by 30%. 工人的工資增加了30%。
The population of the country has increased from 1.2million 10 years ago to 1.8million mow .
那國家的人口從10年前120萬已增加到現在的180萬。
8. In the 16-19 age group, 32% of women smoke, compared to 28% of men. 在16-19歲這個年齡組里,有32%的婦女吸煙,而吸煙的男子為28%。
句中的compare to /with是一個固定的短語,作“……和……比起來”、“與……相比”
解,compare with是具體的比較,而compare to是抽象譬喻,意思是“把……比作”,
或“說……像”。例如:
Compared to many children, she was indeed very fortunate.和許多孩子比起來。她確實是
很運氣的。
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亞把人世比作舞臺。
It was a small place then compared to/with what it is now.和現在比起來,那時它還是個小
地方。
Sugar production rose 30% compared to the first three months of this year. 和今年頭二個月
相比,糖產量提高了30%。
compared to/with常在句中作狀語,表示,“與……比起來”,這時它是過去分詞短語,位于句首或句尾均可。
9. Therefore , if the tobacco companies want to remain in business, they have to encourage more young people to start smoking.因此,如果煙草公司要繼續經營下去,就必須鼓勵更多的年輕人吸煙。
a. 句中的remain是連系動詞,意思是“(繼續)保持”,“仍處于(某種狀態)”,后面的表語可以是形容詞、名詞、介詞短語或過去分詞。例如:
He remained silent. 他保持沉默。
In spite of their quarrel, they remained the best of friends.盡管他們吵過架,卻仍不失為最
好的朋友。
The aircraft remained on the ground..那架飛機仍停在地面。
The door remained closed.這門仍然關著呢!
有時remain后面也跟現在分詞。例如:
They remained listening.他們在繼續聽著。
b. 句中的encourage為動詞,作“鼓勵”解,常用于encourage sb to do意為“鼓勵某人 做某事”。例如:
Our teacher encourages us to speak English.我們的老師鼓勵我們講英語。
The parents encourage their children to make greater progress.父母親鼓勵他的孩取得更大的進步。
L.7
1. Ln Britain 70% of smokers say that they would like to stop smoking ,and of these smokers,83% have tried more than once to give it up .在英國,有70%的煙民說,他們愿意戒煙,而且在這些煙民中有83%的人不止一次地試著戒過煙。
a. 句中的would like作“愿意”、“希望”解,后接不定式,表示“希望”、“愿意干某事”。
例如:
I would like to know something about the danger of smoking.我想要了解一些關于吸煙的危
害性。
Mr Smith would like to hear your opinions. 史密斯先生希望聽聽您的意見。
b. stop doing sth為短語,作“停業做某事”解,例如:
The baby stopped crying when she saw her mother.當小孩看見她媽媽時就不哭了。
The students stopped talking when the teacher entered the classroom當老師走進了教室之后,學生們停止了談話。
注意與stop to do sth的區別。這一短語是“停止一事,去干另一事”的意思。例如:
They stopped to have a