科目 英語
年級 高一
文件 high1 unit5.5.doc
標題 Why do you do that ?
章節 第五單元
關鍵詞 內容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
同學們,你看我們生活的都市,高樓林立,車水馬龍,紅塵滾滾,擾攘紛紛。只有綠色才能抵消這種種的煩惱與不安,讓生活多一點舒適和暢懷。綠色植物可使人心曠神怡,綠色植物可減少二氧化碳,增加氧氣,使我們生存環境的空氣更加清新。如果我們能在工作或者學習之余培養一點栽花蒔草的興趣和愛好,將腦力勞動和體力勞動相結合,那將大大有益于健康,比吃什么營養補劑都更勝一籌。
在本單元我們將學習一篇新聞報道,這是一個真實的故事。故事發生在印度北部、喜馬拉雅山南麓的一個村莊,記述的是婦女們造林、護林的感人事跡。婦女植樹造林看來只是小事一樁,但它有著深遠的意義。下面以森林為例來透視植物對我們的作用。
森林不僅提供木材和其它林副產品,還在維持生態平衡、保護人類周圍環境中起重要作用。森林的社會效益,大大超過它的經濟效益。森林是陸地最大的生態系統。從面積上農地占陸地面積 9.5% ,森林占29% , 森林占陸地面積最大。在各種生態系統中,綠色植物都進行著光合作用,制造有機養料,把太陽能貯存在有機物中。在這方面,森林也居首位。森林維護生態平衡方面的最大功能是調節氣候。森林有增加降水、減輕霜害、減免冰雹等調節氣候的功能。此外,森林還具有防風、涵養水源、保持水土不易流失等作用。森林在保護和改善環境方面的作用,主要是制造氧氣、凈化空氣、過濾塵埃、殺滅細菌和消除噪音等。
作為有理想、有抱負的中學生,學習本單元之后,應該認識到我國地域廣闊,發展林業有較為優越的自然條件。但由于歷史的原因,我國森林覆蓋率只有 12 . 7% ,比世界上許多國家的森林覆蓋率都要少。所以防止亂砍亂伐,大力開展植樹造林,提高我國的森林覆蓋率,是擺在全國人民面前的一項重要任務。
【指點迷津】
A. 單元重點新詞透視
1. sow (sowed , sown /sowed) 播種
We sowed our vegetable seed yesterday .
This field was not sown / sowed grain .
測試要點:在寫作和閱讀中不要把 sow 與 sew (縫紉) 相混淆。sew 的過去式是 sewed , 過去分詞是 sewn / sewed 。
2. feed (fed , fed ) 喂養;飼養
The patient can't feed himself yet . 病人還不能自己進食。
-Alice , you feed the bird today , ?
-But I fed it yesterday .
A. do you B. will you C. didn't you D. don't you (答案B)
Well fed , well bread . 吃得飽,懂禮貌。(諺語)
測試要點:(1) 作及物動詞常用句型:feed + 食用者 + on + sth = feed + sth + to + 食用者 。用介詞 on 后的賓語是食用者的生存需要品。
What do you feed your cat on ?
The nurse fed these babies on cow's milk . = The nurse fed cow's milk to these babies .
(2) feed + 食用者 + with + sth 。“用……喂……”,這里用with 表達喂時所用的工具。
Mother fed her baby with a bowl .
(3) feed 作不及物動詞時的常考搭配是:feed (mainly) on (主要) 以……為食。
Cattle feed chiefly on grass . 牛主要以草為食。
3. fetch 去取;去拿
I asked him to fetch me the evening paper .
She rose and fetched a chair from the next room .
Let's go and fetch some water .
測試要點:區別 fetch ; take ; bring ; carry ; get
fetch 側重動作的一去一回。get 側重從此處去把……找來。carry 側重肩挑、手提或者車船的拉運。take 側重從說話處把某物拿走,是 bring 的反義詞。bring 側重把某人或者某物從別的地方到說話處。
Next time , bring your friends to our party .
Do take this letter to the post office after work . 下班后務必把這封信送到郵局。
對比:I will bring my mother back home from hospital this evening .
今晚我要把母親從醫院里接回家。
Let's have one more drink , and then I will take you back home .
我們再喝一杯,然后我就送你回家去。
Bus No. 18 carried us ti the railway station . 18 號公共汽車把我們送到了火車站。
Shall I get a doctor for you ?
Will you please fetch me some water ?
4. percent = per cent 百分之……;每百中
I am 100 percent in agreement with you . 我是完全同意。
12 is 1 % of 1200 . 12 是 1200 的 1 % 。
測試要點:(1) 增加到 百分之幾常用介詞 by 表達。
The number of the students has increased by 15 % . 學生的數目已經增加了 15 % 。
(2) 百分數作主語,謂語同百分數后 of 短語的賓語相一致。當 of 后的賓語是可數名詞復數時謂語用復數,當 of 后的賓語是不可數名詞時,謂語用單數。有時謂語的形式還受句尾名詞的影響。
Ten percent of the pupils are from South China . 百分之 10 的學生來自華南。
對比:Ten percent of the time has been wasted . How he regretted ! 百分之十的時間被浪費掉了。他真后悔。
This company can only supply 30 percent of what we need . 這個公司只能供給我們需要的 30 % 。
80 % of the population in China are farmers . 中國 80% 的人口是農民。
5. operate 實施;負責;動手術;操作;經營
Do you know how to operate this sewing machine ? 你知道如何操作這臺縫紉機嗎?
It is difficult to operate this car . 操作這輛車并不難。
He operates such a large factory well . 他把這么大的工廠管理得井井有條。
測試要點:動手術 operate on
This well-known doctor will operate on the baby's eyes . 這位名醫將給那個嬰兒做眼部手術。
6. free 免費的;有空的;自由的
Are you free this weekend ? 本周末你有空嗎?
測試要點:(1) set free 釋放;給以自由
After many years' struggle , they were set free in the end .
I hope you will set the poor bird free . 我希望你能放了這只可憐的小鳥。
(2) free of charge 免費
You needn't pay for it . It is free (of change . 你不必付款。那是免費供應的。
7. guide 作動詞是“指導;引導”。
Professor Wang guided him in studying history . 王教授指導他研究歷史。
測試要點:guide 作名詞“向導;指南;入門”時,其后面常跟介詞 to 。類似的名詞還有:key , entrance , note , monument 紀念碑。
Will you please buy me a guide to English grammar ? 你能給我買本英語語法指南嗎?
Don't lose the keys to our classrooms , will you ? 不要把我們教室門上的鑰匙丟了,好嗎?
8. purpose 目的;意圖
What is your purpose in doing this exercise ? 你做這個練習有啥用意 ?
His purpose in going to the US is to look for his uncle . 他美國之行的目的是找他的舅舅。
測試要點:(1) “purpose of + 名詞”是表達“……的目的”。“purpose + in + doing”是表達“做……的意圖或者目的”。
For what purpose do you want to go to the Great Wall ? 你要去長城的目的是什么?
(2) on purpose = by design 故意的。by chance = by accident 偶然地
It is not likely that he did it on purpose . 他不見得是故意做那件時的。
I am sure that he comes here on purpose to borrow money from me once more . 我敢肯定的是,他來這里是為了再次向我借錢。
B. 單元重點詞組掃瞄
1. so that 做連詞是“以便;以致”,引導目的或者結果狀語從句。當引導的是目的狀語從句時,從句中常有情態動詞。
Speak clearly so that we may understand you . 請說清楚點,以便我們能聽懂。
They sent him to a hospital so that his mother would not have to look after him all the time .
She started early so that she could get there in time .
測試要點:(1) 辨別 so that 和in order that
二者都可以表達目的,但在目前的 NMET 測試中仍考查 in order that 可以放在句首 , so that 不能。
In order that she can catch up with the other students , she studies harder than ever . 為了趕上其他同學,它比以前更加努力學習了。
He often tells lies , so that no one believes him .
It was so cold that the river froze .
對比:We turned the radio up so that everyone might hear the news . 我們把收音機的音量調大,以便大家都能聽到新聞。 (目的狀語從句)
We turned the radio up , so that everyone heard the news . 我們把收音機的音量調大了,結果大家都聽到了這條新聞。
(2) so that 表達結果和 “so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that ”表達程度有區別。
He got up early so that he could catch the early bus . (表達目的)
He got up so late that he missed the bus . (表達結果)
(3) so that 引起目的狀語從句時,so 有時可被省略。引導結果狀語從句時, that 可被省略。
Let's take the front seats (so ) that we can see clearly . (表達目的)
All possible methods were tried , so (that) they were able to find out which was the best . (表達結果)
2. grow up 長大
When you grow up , what are you going to be ? 你長大后想干什么?
測試要點:區別 grow up ; grow into ; grow out ; grow on / upon ; grow out of
grow into 成長為;變為。He has grown into a fine young man . 他已成長為一位瀟灑的青年。
grow out 腫脹;膨脹。He had his leg hurt and it began to grow out . 他腿部受了傷,開始腫脹了。
grow out of 來自于;源于;變得不適合了。His troubles grew out of his carelessness . 他的煩惱來自于他的粗心大意。The boy grew out of this clothes . 這孩子長得衣服都不合身了。
grow on / upon 逐漸加強;漸漸使人喜歡。 The wish to New York grew upon Miss Green . 格林小姐愈來愈想去紐約了。Football grew on Billy as he grew older . 隨著年齡的增長,比利對足球的興趣愈來愈濃。
3. in the past 在過去 (注意時態用一般過去時)
測試要點:區別in the past 與in the past few years , in the last few years , for the past few years , over the past few years , during the past few years 這些都表達“在過去的幾年里”(注意時態用現在完成時)
What has changed in the past few years ?
In the past , there were no trees left in or around the village .
另外注意;at present 在目前;現在。in the future 在將來。
4. A few of them 他們中的一些
a few trees 一些樹
注意:a few of the trees 樹中的一些
5. since then 自從那以后(句子常用現在完成時)
Since then great changes have taken place in China .
注意:after that time 從那以后 (句子用一般過去時)
After that time , many changes took place .
6. knock down 拆掉;撞倒
He almost knocked the boy down . 他險些把那孩子撞倒。
測試要點:區別 knock down ; knock into ; knock over ; knock on ; knock out
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