科目 英語
年級 初三
章節 第十六單元
關鍵詞 初三英語第十六單元
文件 middle3 unit16.doc
標題 內容
要點解析
1.be able to (do) 能(做),會(做)
be able to在JIII-37 已學過,它和can意思相近,但be able to 可有更多的時態形式,還可和情態詞連用,也可用于不定式等短語中,例如:
1) Are you able to come tomorrow? (=Can you come tomorrow?)
你明天能來嗎?
2)I'm afraid he won't be able to go to school today.
恐怕他今天不能去上學了。
3)I was able to catch what he said.
我聽懂了他說的話。
4)We haven't been able to find her.
我們一直沒能找到她。
5) You are better able to do it than I am.
你比我更有能力做此事。
6) He must be able to do it.
他一定能做這件事。
7) I would like very much to be able to read, but I'm too old to learn.
我非常想能看書,可是我年紀太大了學不了了。
2. be made of…用(某種原料)做的,用…制成
be made in…在(某地)制造
1)This knife is made of metal and wood.
這把刀子是用金屬和木頭做的。
2)This necklace is made of glass.
這個項鏈是用玻璃做的。
3)These flowers are made of paper.
這些花兒是用紙做的。
4) This watch is made in Switzerland.
這只表是瑞士制造的。
5) These bicycles are made in China.
這些自行車是中國制造的。
3. be used for…被用來(作某種用途)
介詞for表示目的,后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。例如:
1)The knife is used for cutting things.
刀子是用來切割東西的。
2) English is widely used for business.
英語被廣泛用于商業。
3) The hall was used for our party.
禮堂被用來舉辦我們的晚會了。
4) Bamboo can be used for building.
竹子可以用于建筑。
be used as…被用作
介詞as意為"作"、"當作"。as引出的短語在句中作補足語。例如:
1) English is used as the second language in that country.
在那個國家英語被用作第二語言。
2) The card is used as a bookmark.
這張卡片被用作書簽。
3) He was used as a stepping stone.
他被人用作墊腳石了。
4)English is used as the first language by most people in the USA, Great Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
英語被美國、英國、加拿大、澳大利亞和新西蘭的大多數人用作第一語言。
be used by…被…所使用
介詞by意為"被"、"由",用來引出被動語態中動作的執行者。例如;
1) English is used by travellers and business people all over the world.
英語被全世界的旅行者及商人們使用。
2) French is used by some Canadians as their first language.
法語被一些加拿大人用作第一語言。
3) Bicycles are widely used by us.
自行車被我們廣泛使用。
4. leave school離開學校,畢業
中等學校畢業常說 leave school或 finish school。
l)When did you leave school?
你什么時候畢業的?
2)He left school at the age of eighteen.
他18歲時畢了業。
3)Mary left school last year and is work in a shop.
瑪麗去年畢業,現在在一家商店工作。
4)She has just left Lu Xun Middle School.
她剛剛從魯迅中學畢業。
5.lock vt.鎖,鎖上
1)I closed and locked the door.
我把門關上并鎖上。
2)He found that the door was locked.
他發現門是鎖著的。
3)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
整個下午他都鎖著門工作。
lock用作不及物動詞( Vi)時,說明或強調句中主語(事物)由于本身的原因而能否
"鎖上"。例如:
1) This door won't lock.
這門鎖不上。
2) The box locks easily.
這箱子挺容易鎖的。
lock用作名詞時,意為"鎖"。例如:
1)The lock is broken.
這鎖壞了。
2) You lock the door by turning the key in the lock.
把鑰匙在鎖里扭動門就鎖上了。
6. make a telephone call(to sb)(給某人)打電話
1) I'd like to make a telephone call to Mr Brown.
我想給布朗先生打個電話。
2) Half the world's telephone calls are made in English.
世界上有一半的電話是用英語打的。
"打電話"還常用 call,ring,phone(=telephone),give a call/ring等。例如:
1) I must go and telephone him.
我必須去給他打電話。
2) She phoned to say she couldn't come.
她打電話說來不了。
3) We telephoned him to ask if he could come to the party.
我們給他打電話問他是否能參加晚會。
4) I'll call yon later.
以后我給你打電話。
5) Shall I ring him up?
要我給他打個電話嗎?
6) Give me a call tomorrow.
明天給我打個電話。
7) Ring me(up) at three.
3點鐘給我打電話。
8) Why don't you give him a ring?
你干嗎不給他打個電話?
7.produce vt.生產,制造
1) Australia produces wool and meat.
澳大利亞生產羊毛和肉。
2) This factory produces 1000 cars a week.
這個工廠每周生產1000輛汽車。
3) Much of the salt that we use is produced from the sea.
我們所用的鹽有許多是產自海水。
4) A hen produces eggs, and a cow produces milk.
母雞產蛋,奶牛產奶。
8. all over the world全世界
此外 all over意為"整個"、"遍及"。"遍布"。"在…各地(in every part of)。例如:
1) These modern cars are used all over the world.
這些現代化汽車全世界都在使用。
2)We have friends all over the world.
我們的朋友遍天下。
3)Soon the news is all over Britain.
很快這個消息就傳遍了全英國。
4) The snow was all over the ground.
遍地都是雪。
5) I've looked all over the house.
我把整個房屋都看遍了。
6) I have travelled all over China many, many times in my life.
我一生中多次走遍全中國。
around the world 在世界范圍內
此處介詞 around意為"在…范圍內"。例如:
1) He spent a week travelling around the country.
他用了一周的時間在這個國家里旅行。
2) Most business letters around the world are written in English.
世界上的大多數商業信件是用英語寫的。
3) I travelled around the world for a few years.
我周游世界幾年。
9. else adv.別的,其它的
1)else可用在由some-,any-,no-,every一與一body,-thing,-one構成的復合不定代詞的后邊,起定語作用。例如:
①Did you see anybody else(=any other persons)?
你看見別的人了嗎?
②Ask somebody else to help you.
請別人幫助你吧。
③Nothing else(=Nothing more), thank you.
沒有別的事了,謝謝。
2)else還可用在副詞somewhere, anywhere, nowhere的后邊,起狀語作用。例如:
①It's too noisy here. Let's go somewhere else.
這里太吵人了。我們去別的地方吧。
②You can't get it anywhere else.
這東西別的地方弄不到。
3)else可用在疑問代詞 who, whose, what等后面(但不能用在 which后);也可用在疑問副詞 when, where, how, why等后面。例如:
①Who else wants a ticket for Sunday?
還有誰想要星期天的票?
@What else do you want?
你還想要什么?
③Where else did you go?
你還去哪里了?
④I can't come on Tuesday.When else can we meet?
我星期二來不了。我們還能什么時候見面?
10.glass n.玻璃杯;玻璃
英語中有些名詞既可用作可數,又可用作不可數,但其意義不同,常常是用于可數時表
示個體的概念,用于不可數時表示物質或抽象的概念。
可數名詞不可數名詞
a glass(玻璃杯) glass(玻璃)
a paper(報紙;試卷;論文) paper(紙)
a chicken(小雞) chicken(雞肉)
a life(生命) life(生活)
1)I broke a glass this morning. Glass is made from sand.
今天早上我打碎了一個玻璃杯。 玻璃是由沙子制造的。
2)What do the papers say? Paper is made from wood.
報上說些什么? 紙是由木材制成的。
3)He ate a whole chicken! Would you like some chicken?
他吃了整整一只雞! 你要吃點兒雞肉嗎?
11.none pron.沒有任何人或東西,一個人也沒有
none的意思是 no one; no person; not any。它既可用于可數名詞(須是指兩個以上的人或物),又可用于不可數名詞。none在句中起名詞作用。當none在匈中用作主語時,如果代替的是可數名詞,則謂語用單數或復數;如果代替不可數名詞,則謂語只能用單數。注意 none后可接of結構。例如:
1) None of them spoke English except Tom.
除了湯姆外,他們誰也不講英語。
2) None of his friends has/have ever been to Paris.
他的朋友誰也沒去過巴黎。
3) None of the money is his.
這錢沒有一點兒是他的。
4)一How many fish did you catch?你捉了多少條魚?
一None.一條也沒有。
5) He understood none of the lecture.
這課他一點兒沒聽懂。
6) I like none of the music.
這音樂我一點兒都不喜歡。
7) English is the first language in none of these countries.
在這些國家里,英語都不是第一語言。
no one和nobody意思一樣,均指人,表示兩個以上的人里"沒有…人"。它們只能用
于可數名詞,在句中可作主語或賓語。注意它們后邊不可以接of結構。
1) No one wished him a happy birthday.
沒有人祝他生日快樂。
2) No one wants to make friends with him.
誰也不想和他交朋友。
3) There was nobody to look after the child.
沒人照料這個孩子。
試比較:
I've read no one of his books. (誤)
I've read none of his books. (正)他的書我一本都沒讀過。
I haven't tead any of his books. (正)
12. the number of……的數(量)
表示某些人或物的具體數(量)。在句中作主語時,謂語要用單數。
l)The number of students in our class is 45.
我們班的學生人數是45位。
2)The number of cars we need is 20.
我們需要的汽車數是20輛。
3) Do you know the number of girls coming to the party?
你知道要出席晚會的女孩子人數嗎?
4) Which language is spoken by the largest number of people in the world?
世界上哪種語言說的人數最多?
比較:a number of一些,若干(some;several)
后接可數名詞復數,作主語時謂語要用復數。例如:
A number of students have been there.
有些學生去過那里。
13.That is why we are learning English in China.
那就是我們在中國學習英語的原因。
句中劃線部分為表語從句,由連接副詞 why引導。其它表語從句又如:
l) That is why he was late.
那就是他來晚的原因。
2) This is what I said to him.
這就是我對他說的話。
3) That is how we helped her to find her son.
我們就是這樣幫助她找到她的兒子的。
4) That is where Lu Xun once lived.
那就是魯迅經住過的地方。
5) The fact is (that) I have never been there.
事實是我從來沒去過那里。第十六課
要點解析
1.be able to (do) 能(做),會(做)
be able to在JIII-37 已學過,它和can意思相近,但be able to 可有更多的時態形式,還可和情態詞連用,也可用于不定式等短語中,例如:
1) Are you able to come tomorrow? (=Can you come tomorrow?)
你明天能來嗎?
2)I'm afraid he won't be able to go to school today.
恐怕他今天不能去上學了。
3)I was able to catch what he said.
我聽懂了他說的話。
4)We haven't been able to find her.
我們一直沒能找到她。
5) You are better able to do it than I am.
你比我更有能力做此事。
6) He must be able to do it.
他一定能做這件事。
7) I would like very much to be able to read, but I'm too old to learn.
我非常想能看書,可是我年紀太大了學不了了。
2. be made of…用(某種原料)做的,用…制成
be made in…在(某地)制造
1)This knife is made of metal and wood.
這把刀子是用金屬和木頭做的。
2)This necklace is made of glass.
這個項鏈是用玻璃做的。
3)These flowers are made of paper.
這些花兒是用紙做的。
4) This watch is made in Switzerland.
這只表是瑞士制造的。
5) These bicycles are made in China.
這些自行車是中國制造的。
3. be used for…被用來(作某種用途)
介詞for表示目的,后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。例如:
1)The knife is used for cutting things.
刀子是用來切割東西的。
2) English is widely used for business.
英語被廣泛用于商業。
3) The hall was used for our party.
禮堂被用來舉辦我們的晚會了。
4) Bamboo can be used for building.
竹子可以用于建筑。
be used as…被用作
介詞as意為"作"、"當作"。as引出的短語在句中作補足語。例如:
1) English is used as the second language in that country.
在那個國家英語被用作第二語言。
2) The card is used as a bookmark.
這張卡片被用作書簽。
3) He was used as a stepping stone.
他被人用作墊腳石了。
4)English is used as the first language by most people in the USA, Great Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
英語被美國、英國、加拿大、澳大利亞和新西蘭的大多數人用作第一語言。
be used by…被…所使用
介詞by意為"被"、"由",用來引出被動語態中動作的執行者。例如;
1) English is used by travellers and business people all over the world.
英語被全世界的旅行者及商人們使用。
2) French is used by some Canadians as their first language.
法語被一些加拿大人用作第一語言。
3) Bicycles are widely used by us.
自行車被我們廣泛使用。
4. leave school離開學校,畢業
中等學校畢業常說 leave school或 finish school。
l)When did you leave school?
你什么時候畢業的?
2)He left school at the age of eighteen.
他18歲時畢了業。
3)Mary left school last year and is work in a shop.
瑪麗去年畢業,現在在一家商店工作。
4)She has just left Lu Xun Middle School.
她剛剛從魯迅中學畢業。
5.lock vt.鎖,鎖上
1)I closed and locked the door.
我把門關上并鎖上。
2)He found that the door was locked.
他發現門是鎖著的。
3)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
整個下午他都鎖著門工作。
lock用作不及物動詞( Vi)時,說明或強調句中主語(事物)由于本身的原因而能否
"鎖上"。例如:
1) This door won't lock.
這門鎖不上。
2) The box locks easily.
這箱子挺容易鎖的。
lock用作名詞時,意為"鎖"。例如:
1)The lock is broken.
這鎖壞了。
2) You lock the door by turning the key in the lock.
把鑰匙在鎖里扭動門就鎖上了。
6. make a telephone call(to sb)(給某人)打電話
1) I'd like to make a telephone call to Mr Brown.
我想給布朗先生打個電話。
2) Half the world's telephone calls are made in English.
世界上有一半的電話是用英語打的。
"打電話"還常用 call,ring,phone(=telephone),give a call/ring等。例如:
1) I must go and telephone him.
我必須去給他打電話。
2) She phoned to say she couldn't come.
她打電話說來不了。
3) We telephoned him to ask if he could come to the party.
我們給他打電話問他是否能參加晚會。
4) I'll call yon later.
以后我給你打電話。
5) Shall I ring him up?
要我給他打個電話嗎?
6) Give me a call tomorrow.
明天給我打個電話。
7) Ring me(up) at three.
3點鐘給我打電話。
8) Why don't you give him a ring?
你干嗎不給他打個電話?
7.produce vt.生產,制造
1) Australia produces wool and meat.
澳大利亞生產羊毛和肉。
2) This factory produces 1000 cars a week.
這個工廠每周生產1000輛汽車。
3) Much of the salt that we use is produced from the sea.
我們所用的鹽有許多是產自海水。
4) A hen produces eggs, and a cow produces milk.
母雞產蛋,奶牛產奶。
8. all over the world全世界
此外 all over意為"整個"、"遍及"。"遍布"。"在…各地(in every part of)。例如:
1) These modern cars are used all over the world.
這些現代化汽車全世界都在使用。
2)We have friends all over the world.
我們的朋友遍天下。
3)Soon the news is all over Britain.
很快這個消息就傳遍了全英國。
4) The snow was all over the ground.
遍地都是雪。
5) I've looked all over the house.
我把整個房屋都看遍了。
6) I have travelled all over China many, many times in my life.
我一生中多次走遍全中國。
around the world 在世界范圍內
此處介詞 around意為"在…范圍內"。例如:
1) He spent a week travelling around the country.
他用了一周的時間在這個國家里旅行。
2) Most business letters around the world are written in English.
世界上的大多數商業信件是用英語寫的。
3) I travelled around the world for a few years.
我周游世界幾年。
9. else adv.別的,其它的
1)else可用在由some-,any-,no-,every一與一body,-thing,-one構成的復合不定代詞的后邊,起定語作用。例如:
①Did you see anybody else(=any other persons)?
你看見別的人了嗎?
②Ask somebody else to help you.
請別人幫助你吧。
③Nothing else(=Nothing more), thank you.
沒有別的事了,謝謝。
2)else還可用在副詞somewhere, anywhere, nowhere的后邊,起狀語作用。例如:
①It's too noisy here. Let's go somewhere else.
這里太吵人了。我們去別的地方吧。
②You can't get it anywhere else.
這東西別的地方弄不到。
3)else可用在疑問代詞 who, whose, what等后面(但不能用在 which后);也可用在疑問副詞 when, where, how, why等后面。例如:
①Who else wants a ticket for Sunday?
還有誰想要星期天的票?
@What else do you want?
你還想要什么?
③Where else did you go?
你還去哪里了?
④I can't come on Tuesday.When else can we meet?
我星期二來不了。我們還能什么時候見面?
10.glass n.玻璃杯;玻璃
英語中有些名詞既可用作可數,又可用作不可數,但其意義不同,常常是用于可數時表
示個體的概念,用于不可數時表示物質或抽象的概念。
可數名詞不可數名詞
a glass(玻璃杯) glass(玻璃)
a paper(報紙;試卷;論文) paper(紙)
a chicken(小雞) chicken(雞肉)
a life(生命) life(生活)
1)I broke a glass this morning. Glass is made from sand.
今天早上我打碎了一個玻璃杯。 玻璃是由沙子制造的。
2)What do the papers say? Paper is made from wood.
報上說些什么? 紙是由木材制成的。
3)He ate a whole chicken! Would you like some chicken?
他吃了整整一只雞! 你要吃點兒雞肉嗎?
11.none pron.沒有任何人或東西,一個人也沒有
none的意思是 no one; no person; not any。它既可用于可數名詞(須是指兩個以上的人或物),又可用于不可數名詞。none在句中起名詞作用。當none在匈中用作主語時,如果代替的是可數名詞,則謂語用單數或復數;如果代替不可數名詞,則謂語只能用單數。注意 none后可接of結構。例如:
1) None of them spoke English except Tom.
除了湯姆外,他們誰也不講英語。
2) None of his friends has/have ever been to Paris.
他的朋友誰也沒去過巴黎。
3) None of the money is his.
這錢沒有一點兒是他的。
4)一How many fish did you catch?你捉了多少條魚?
一None.一條也沒有。
5) He understood none of the lecture.
這課他一點兒沒聽懂。
6) I like none of the music.
這音樂我一點兒都不喜歡。
7) English is the first language in none of these countries.
在這些國家里,英語都不是第一語言。
no one和nobody意思一樣,均指人,表示兩個以上的人里"沒有…人"。它們只能用
于可數名詞,在句中可作主語或賓語。注意它們后邊不可以接of結構。
1) No one wished him a happy birthday.
沒有人祝他生日快樂。
2) No one wants to make friends with him.
誰也不想和他交朋友。
3) There was nobody to look after the child.
沒人照料這個孩子。
試比較:
I've read no one of his books. (誤)
I've read none of his books. (正)他的書我一本都沒讀過。
I haven't tead any of his books. (正)
12. the number of……的數(量)
表示某些人或物的具體數(量)。在句中作主語時,謂語要用單數。
l)The number of students in our class is 45.
我們班的學生人數是45位。
2)The number of cars we need is 20.
我們需要的汽車數是20輛。
3) Do you know the number of girls coming to the party?
你知道要出席晚會的女孩子人數嗎?
4) Which language is spoken by the largest number of people in the world?
世界上哪種語言說的人數最多?
比較:a number of一些,若干(some;several)
后接可數名詞復數,作主語時謂語要用復數。例如:
A number of students have been there.
有些學生去過那里。
13.That is why we are learning English in China.
那就是我們在中國學習英語的原因。
句中劃線部分為表語從句,由連接副詞 why引導。其它表語從句又如:
l) That is why he was late.
那就是他來晚的原因。
2) This is what I said to him.
這就是我對他說的話。
3) That is how we helped her to find her son.
我們就是這樣幫助她找到她的兒子的。
4) That is where Lu Xun once lived.
那就是魯迅經住過的地方。
5) The fact is (that) I have never been there.
事實是我從來沒去過那里。