Unit8 I’ll help clean up the city parks.
教學目標：
1. 學會提供幫助 （用I will, I would like等）；
2. 學會用I will…做規劃；
3. 掌握多種動詞詞組的用法；
4. 學會關注社會，關心他人。
重點詞匯：
1.cheer up 使振奮、高興 2.clean up 打掃干凈
3.set up 擺放，建立 4.come up with 提出(問題)
5.hand out 分發，發放 6.put up 建立，發布
7.write down 寫下，記下 8.try to do sth. 盡力做某事
9.help out 幫助（某人）擺脫困境 10.run out of 耗盡，用光
11.take after 與…相像 12.fix up 修理
13.give away 贈送，分發 14.work out 制定出，算出
15.give out 發放，消耗盡 16.ask for 要求、索要
17.not only...but also… 不但…而且… 18.not... any more 不再…
19.be similar to 與…相似 20. put … off 延期，推遲
21.be proud of 因…而驕傲；自豪 22. be similar to 與…相似
hunger, sign, repair
重點句型：
1. I’d like to work outside.
2. I’ll help clean up the city parks.
3. You could give out food at a food bank.
4. I would like to fix up the desks.
5. If you see these things, or problems, what will you do?
6. What kind of volunteer work would you like to do?
7. He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.
8. We’re going to set up a food bank to help hungry people.
9. We need to come up with some ideas.
重點語法：短語動詞
1. 現代英語中，動詞之后加介詞或副詞構成短語，表達一種特定的含義，稱為短語動詞。短語動詞如果被拆開，則不能表達這種特定的含義。要把這些習慣用法看作一個整體。
如：come
come out
come in
come up with
2. 短語動詞也有及物的和不及物的分別，及物的短語動詞必須接賓語，不及物的短語動詞則不需要接賓語。如：
look for 是及物短語動詞，look out是不及物短語動詞。
注意：有的短語動詞可能有兩種或更多不同的意思，有些是及物動詞，有些是不及物動詞。
如：take off意為“拿掉”，是及物動詞。
take off意為“起飛”，是不及物動詞。
3. 及物短語動詞所帶賓語的位置
（1）名詞作賓語時，一般放在短語動詞之后，有的也放在中間。
e.g. He took off his coat. / He took his coat off.
（2）代詞作賓語時，大多數情況下，放在短語動詞的中間，有時放在后邊。
e .g. He took it off. 他把它脫掉了。
I’m looking for them. 我正在找他們。
I will give this old coat away. (give away this old coat / give it away.)
我將把這件舊外衣送掉。
4. 認真背誦重點詞組中涉及到的常見短語動詞，掌握其用法。例如：
put off the plan -- put it off
give away the bike -- give it away
cheer up the kid -- cheer him/her up
hand out the books -- hand them out
重點、難點講解：
1. - I’d like to help homeless people.
- You could give out food at the food bank.
（1）homeless adj. 無家的、無家可歸的
-less是否定后綴，通常構成形容詞。
英語中有詞根、前綴、后綴。記住這些對詞匯的積累大有幫助。如：
home (n.) ---- homeless (adj.) forget (v.) ---- forgetful (adj.)
care (v.) ---- careful (adj.) / careless (adj.) thank (v.) ---- thankful (adj.) / thankless (adj.)
help (v.) ---- helpful (adj.) / helpless (adj.) hope (v.) ---- hopeful (adj.) / hopeless (adj.)
（2）Word Note: What is a food bank?
A food bank is a place where you can bring all kinds of food (like cans of soup, peanut butter, baby food) to help other people who are hungry. People can come to the food bank to get food to help feed their families. What else do you think you could bring to the food bank? Do you know what a food bank looks like?
（3）could用法總結：
I. could 是can的過去式，意思是“能夠”。
e.g. He could speak English when he was a child.他小時就能說英語了。
II. 用于現在時，比can更委婉，或表示虛擬語氣。
e.g. Could I help you? 我能幫你做點什么？(比Can I help you?委婉)
e.g. If I could go, I should be glad.假如我能去，那我會很高興。（表虛擬語氣）
III. could表示推測，意思是“大概，可能”，肯定性不大。
e.g. This book could be Mei’s. She studies French.這本書可能是梅的，她學法語。
IV. could 用于提出建議。
e.g. You could ask your parents for good ideas if you don’t know whether you should go to meet internet friends.
-What should I do when I don’t know how to go to some place in Beijing?
-You could go to the website “ Go2map” for help.
2. -I’d like to cheer up sick kids. 我愿意逗生病的孩子開心。 / I’d like to help kids with their schoolwork. 我愿意幫孩子們復習功課。
-You could volunteer in an after-school study program. 你可以在課外學習班做義工。
（1）cheer up sb. = make sb. happier; comfort 使某人振奮、快樂
e.g. Cheer up, boy!
The pleasant music can cheer you up when you’re in blue.
（2）volunteer (n.)：a person who performs or offers to perform a service of his or her own free will 志愿者：按他或她自己的自由意愿進行或要求進行服務的人
hospital volunteers 醫院志愿人員
volunteer firefighters 志愿消防員
volunteer tutoring 志愿導游
e.g. He wants to be a volunteer in a village school and help teach the students there.
Being volunteers is really a great job.
volunteer (v.) help people free of charge 做志愿工作
I could volunteer in 2008 Olympic Games.
He volunteers to help others.
volunteer.. to do sth .自愿做某事
e.g. These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.
這三個學生都自愿花時間來幫助別人。
3. Section A 2a
Boy 1: OK. Now we need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.
Girl 1: Yeah, but I’m hungry, Bob. Let’s have lunch first.
Girl 2: No, we can’t put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now.
Boy 2: You’re right, Sally. While we talk, I’ll write down all our ideas. Then we can decide which ideas are best.
Girl 1: Um…Well… we could put up signs.
Boy 2: That’s a good idea!
Girl 2: I’ll hand out advertisements after school.
Boy 1: OK. Great! And we could each call up ten people and ask them to come.
Boy 2: Hey, we’re coming up with a lot of good ideas, aren’t we?
（1）come up with: think of, find (a solution or an answer)
（2）put off : do sth. later , delay (推遲)
e.g. The sports meeting had to be put off because of the bad weather.
put off sth. / doing sth.
e.g. If it rains, we can put off our football match tomorrow.
You can’t put off taking the test.
（3）put up: put… in a public place
e.g. We can put up posters around to ask students to go to the English Corner every Monday afternoon.
（4）call up: telephone to; remind … of …
（5）hand in 上交-- hand out下發
e. g. Please hand out the exercise books to the students.
You have to hand in your paper after the exam and mustn’t take it away.
（6）plan to do 計劃做某事
plan on doing sth.
e.g. We plan to set up an English club.
We plan on setting up an English club.
4. Section B: 2a/2b
Man: This morning I’m talking with a very generous young man, Jimmy the Bike Boy. Jimmy is the boy who fixes up old bikes and gives them away. Good morning, Jimmy.
Boy: Good morning.
Man: So, Jimmy, tell our listeners what you do.
Boy: Well, as you just said, I find or buy old bikes that nobody wants. Then I fix up the bikes and give them away to kids who don’t have enough money to buy their own bikes.
Man: That’s fantastic. What gave you the idea?
Boy: I guess I take after my father. He’s always helping people.
Man: Wow! Your parents must be proud of you.
Boy: I guess so. But now I’ve run out of money to buy old bikes.
Man: Oh, that’s too bad.
Boy: Yeah. I need to come up with some way of getting money or I’ll have to stop.
5. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spending time doing what I love to do. 關于幫助別人，我不但感覺很好，而且我開始花時間做我喜歡做的事。
not only … but also… 不但…而且… (連接并列的兩個成分或內容)
（1）它可以連接句子的主語、謂語、表語、賓語等，強調but also引出的內容。當用來連接主語時，謂語應與最近的主語保持一致。如：
He studied not only English but also French at school.
Not only teenagers but also grown-ups like his pop songs.
Not only he but also I like soccer.
Not only I but he likes soccer.
（2）not only…but also…中的also可以省略。
e.g. I like not only soccer but (also) tennis.
Not only Mary but Tom and Jack are going to see the film.
（3）not only…but also… 是個并列連詞短語，連接謂語時，不能用not去構成否定句，更不能用縮寫形式。如：
He not only gave me some English books but also told me how to learn English.
不能寫成：He did not only gave me some English books but also told me how to learn English.
或 He didn’t only gave me some English books but also told me how to learn English.
（4）當Not only位于句首時，前一個分句倒裝，即謂語或部分謂語提到主語前面。并列主語時除外。
如：Not only did he come, but also he was very happy.
Not only do I like soccer, but also I often play it.
6. He spends every Saturday morning working in an animal hospital. 他每周六上午在一家動物醫院工作。
關于“花費”的詞：
（1）spend: 主語是人，賓語可以是錢、精力、時間等。
a. spend …on (for)+名詞
e.g. He spends most of his money on food and house.
b. spend …(in) doing sth.
e.g. In the past, his father usually spent his spare time fishing.
I spend much time listening to English news every morning.
（2）cost: 主語是物，意為“某物花費某人多少時間/金錢”。
e.g. The CD cost me 5 dollars.
Making experiments like this costs much time and labor.
（3）take: 主語通常是事情，表明“做某事花費…”。
句型：“It takes / took / will take sb. some time to do sth.”
e.g. The whole trip will take you about 10 hours.
Doing the housework usually takes the housewife the whole day.
（4）pay：主語是人，意為 “支付”， pay … for sth. , pay sb.
e.g. He paid the taxi driver when he got to the place.
You don’t have to pay for the meal on the ship.
I paid 10 yuan for the mail-box.
【模擬試題】（答題時間：90分鐘）
一. 用本單元所學詞組填空。
1. We are going to _______ a food bank to help hungry people.
2. You could _________food at the food bank.
3. I didn’t sell it, I ____it _____.
4. -I hate doing homework.
- Well, ________! It’s part of your job.
5. The city park is not clean. We need to ____________a plan.
6. The city park is not clean. We need to help ____ it ____.
7. ---Do we have to do it right away? ---Yes, we can’t _____it _____.
8. Please borrow me a pen, I need to _________your telephone number.
9. I don’t have any more of it. I’ve ____________it.
10. I repaired my radio. I __ it___.
11. If the UFO came, I would _____the police.
12. We could _________some movie posters on the wall of our cinema.
13. I get a part-time job----- to______ advertisements after school.
14. I am similar to my mother. I _________her.
15. My sister is too young. I have to _________her in summer vacation.
二. 句子排序。
（ ） I could do that! But what could my sister do? She wants to volunteer, but she doesn’t like to work outside.
（ ） She could collect some clothes and put them in boxes. Or…She could give out food at the food bank. What do you think she would like to do?
（ ） I’m ready to do some volunteer work for our city. I’d like to work outside.
（ ） Does she want to volunteer today?
（ ） That’s a great idea! Now, how about my mom? What can she do?
（ ） Yes, she told me she’d like to help homeless people.
（ ） You could help pick up thrash beside the streets.
（ ） What does she like to do?
（ ） I think she’d like to give out food at the food bank.
（ ） She could visit sick children at the hospital. She could play games with them.
（ ） She likes to play with children.
三. 單項選擇。
（ ） 1.He looks sad. Let’s cheer him ____ .
A. up B. in C. out D. at
（ ） 2.Tony could help ______ the city parks.
A. clean B. clean up C. clean out D. cleans up
（ ） 3. I _____like to help kids with their schoolwork.
A. could B. would C. should D. will
（ ） 4. Not only the students ____ also their teacher likes football.
A. too B. except C. however D. but
（ ） 5. we need to ____ up with a plan on Clean-up Day.
A. come B. go C. work D. study
（ ） 6. I _______ some clothes to charity because they are too small for me.
A. take after B. hang out C. give away D. put off
（ ） 7. Now I spend time _____ what I love to do.
A. to do B. doing C. do D. did
（ ） 8. After my teacher gave me a lesson, I didn’t do that _______.
A. any B. more C. any more D. no more
（ ） 9. ____ of them like to play basketball.
A. Each B. Everyone C. Every D. Both
（ ） 10. It often snows in ____ winter.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
（ ）11. I first met Joe three years ago. He ____ at a CD shop at the time.
A. will work B. is working C. has worked D. was working
（ ）12. Amy ____the windows already, so the room looks much bright.
A. cleans B. has cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean
（ ）13. The zoo was far away from my hotel. It ____ me at least two hours to get there.
A. took B. has take C. takes D. will take
（ ）14. –I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--Oh, not at all. I ____here for only a few minutes.
A. was B. is C. have been D. had been
（ ）15. My mother _____dinner when I got home.
A. was cooking B. cooked C. has cooked D. cooks
四. 完型填空。
Last week ___1___ was trying to cheer up Jimmy the Bike Boy. But ___2___ week, Jimmy is happy again. 3 Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of _4 to buy old bikes. He also put up some 5 asking for old bikes and called up all his friends and told them about the problem. He even handed ___6___advertisements at a local supermarket. Then he told the teachers at ___7____ about his problem and they set up a call-in center for parents. The strategies ___8___ he came up with worked out fine. He now ___9__ sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to ___10___ who don’t have bikes.
（ ） 1. A. everyone B. every C. all D. both
（ ） 2. A. that B. these C. this D. those
（ ） 3. A. In B. On C. At D. With
（ ） 4. A. money B. time C. food D. water
（ ） 5. A. pencils B. books C. pictures D. signs
（ ） 6. A. out B. in C. with D. at
（ ） 7. A. shop B. hospital C. school D. bank
（ ） 8. A. this B. who C. that D. where
（ ） 9. A. have B. has C. had D. have been
（ ）10.A. child B. a child C. children D. Jimmy
五. 閱讀理解。
(A)
Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either.
Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution(污染). Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and polluted our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s bad to all living things in the world.
Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog(煙霧).
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air.
We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution.
Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution.
1. Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because________.
A. there were not any modern machines
B. there was no modern medicine
C. both A and B
D. there were not many people
2. What is the biggest problem in today’s life?
A. Water pollution B. Air pollution
C. Noise. D. Pollution
3. The most serious kind of pollution is __________.
A. noise pollution B. air pollution
C. water pollution D. A, B and C
4. Factories must clean their water ________.
A. before they are thrown away
B. when they are thrown away
C. after it is thrown away
D. before it is thrown away
5. From the passage we know that______.
A. a few years ago, there was no smog at all
B. today people don’t have to talk to each other in a loud voice
C. we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakes
D. people are making rules in order to fight pollution
（B）World hunger
Most of us don’t think too much about world hunger. When we are hungry, we can always find something to eat- usually something delicious. But in many parts of the world –even in some rich countries – adults and children go to bed hungry every day. According to the World Hunger Program in Newport, Rhode Island, 780 million people in the world don’t get enough to eat. One out of every six babies in the world is born underweight and even worse, one out of every three children is underweight at age five.
There are two main causes of hunger – food “shortage” and food “poverty”. A food shortage happens when there isn’t enough food in an area to feed all the people that live there. This has happened recently in some African countries when there wasn’t enough rain for people to grow the food they needed. Sometimes a food shortage affects just one part of a country, and other times the entire country is affected. Food poverty is the cause of hunger when people don’t have enough money to buy food. There is plenty of food in the stores, but some people can’t afford to buy enough food, so they go hungry.
(a). 詞義連線。
1. underweight a. one person
2. shortage b. whole
3. entire c. have enough money
4. individual d. too small
5. afford e. not enough of something
(b). 完成表格。
1. At least ________ people in the world are hungry every day. (how many?)
2. The World Hunger Program offices are in ______________________________ (where?)
3. ___________________________ babies are underweight when they are born. (how many?)
4. __________________________children are underweight at age five. (how many?)
5. A ___________________ happens when there is no food in an area for people to buy. (what?)
6. _______________ happens when some people don’t have money to buy enough food. (what?)
六. 書面表達。
1. 假如你是志愿者俱樂部的主席，負責根據成員們的興趣愛好，為他們安排合適的工作。填寫表格，必須用 could 寫出句子，工作項目自擬，但要符合客觀實際。
Name loves Volunteer work
Lucy writing stories
Jimmy music
Tony football
Mei helping homeless people
2. 你愿意幫助他人嗎？如果你有機會成為志愿者，你愿意做什么工作呢？為什么？根據以上要求，寫一篇短文，字數在40左右。
【試題答案】
一. 1. set up 2. give out 3. give away 4.cheer up 5. work out
6. clean up 7. put off 8. write down 9. run out of 10. fix up
11. call up 12. put up 13. send out 14. take after 15. look after
二. 3 8 1 10 7 11 2 4 9 6 5
三. ABBDA CBCDD DBACA
四. ACBAD ACCBC
五. (A) CDBDD
(B) (a) d e b a c
(b) 1.780 million 2. Rhode Island 3. One out of every six
4. One out of every three 5. food shortage 6. Food poverty
六. 1. Lucy could work for a newspaper.
Jimmy could volunteer in an after-school study program.
Tony could help coach a football team of children.
Mei could give out food at a food bank.
2. I like helping people who need help. I enjoy singing very much. So, if I have a chance to volunteer, I’d like to be a teacher to teach children many songs that I like. I love children. Looking at their sweet smile is so happy. And I think it’s also my honor to make others happier. If I am a volunteer, I will be a great one. 【勵志故事】