Unit 9-Unit 10
知識(shí)梳理
Ⅰ.網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建
詞匯 單詞 coal content South Africa killer poverty equality fairness *cooperation willingness wipe *per defend incorrect *affect advise frightening terrify bury ash *mud rise *spot dirt sight courage *flee arrival bath pillow daylight immediately fresh *web inch board *steamship unbelievable ton uncomfortable aloud reading
詞組 the United Nations take part in take action air conditioner *in harmony with... put an end to advise sb.（not） to do sth. on end draw one’s attention（to） at hand calm（sb.） down on board knock about all of a sudden live through as though（=as if）
語(yǔ)法 倒裝 省略
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)精講
●重點(diǎn)單詞
1.advise
例句集錦
v.
（1）There is no one to advise me.
沒(méi)有人能給我忠告。
I advise waiting until tomorrow.
我建議等到明天。
I advise you to start at once.
我勸你立刻出發(fā)。
They were advised not to go abroad.
他們被奉勸不要出國(guó)。
I strongly advise you against going abroad.
我力勸你不要出國(guó)。
He advises us on economic affairs.
他給我們提供有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)的建議。
He could not advise me what to do next.
他無(wú)法教我接下來(lái)該做什么。
Can you advise me whether I should go abroad?
你能不能指點(diǎn)我該不該出國(guó)？
I advised him that he （should） go at once.
我勸他應(yīng)該馬上去。
The doctor advised a complete rest.
醫(yī)生建議充分休息。
（2）Please advise us of the date.
請(qǐng)將日期通知我們。
We were advised of the risk.
有人告知我們那項(xiàng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
We were advised that they could not accept our offer.
我們獲得通知，說(shuō)他們不能接受我們的提議。
（3）I shall/will act as you advise.
我將照你的忠告去做。
（4）You had better advise with him on the situation.
你最好就當(dāng)前形勢(shì)請(qǐng)教他。
用法歸納
*advise可用作動(dòng)詞（vt.＆vi.）。主要義項(xiàng)有：忠告，勸告，建議，通知，商量。
*用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的主要搭配形式為：advise+名詞/動(dòng)名詞/sb. to do sth./賓語(yǔ)從句/sb. against doing sth./sb. on sth./sb.+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式/sb. of sth.
特別提示
advise作“通知”講后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣；作“建議”講后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
2.affect
例句集錦
v.
（1）The climate affected his health.
氣候影響（損害）了他的健康。
Some plants are quickly affected by cold.
有些植物對(duì)寒冷很敏感。
The rise in the price of bread will affect us all.
面包售價(jià)上漲，我們大家都會(huì)受影響。
（2）He was much affected by the sad news.
這個(gè)凄慘的消息使他十分難過(guò)。
His death affected us deeply.
他的死亡使我們深為感慨。
（3）The left lung is affected.
左肺受到感染。
（4）She affects an American accent.
她裝出美國(guó)腔調(diào)。
He affected not to hear me.
他假裝沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)我的話。
（5）He affects long and learned words.
他愛(ài)用長(zhǎng)而艱澀的詞。
She affects bright colours.
她愛(ài)穿顏色鮮艷的衣服。
用法歸納
*affect可用作及物動(dòng)詞。主要義項(xiàng)有：影響；感動(dòng)；侵襲；假裝；愛(ài)用。
3.calm
例句集錦
adj.
（1）It was a calm,cloudless day.
那是個(gè)無(wú)風(fēng)少云的日子。
The sea was calm.
大海無(wú)風(fēng)浪。
（2）He is a calm and reasonable man.
他是個(gè)心平氣和而講理的人。
He always keeps/stays calm in an emergency.
他碰到緊急事件時(shí)總是保持鎮(zhèn)定。
v.
（1）She soon calmed her child（down）.
她不久便使她的孩子安靜下來(lái)。
Calm yourself.請(qǐng)你安靜/鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)。
（2）Calm down.鎮(zhèn)靜吧。
The angry man soon calmed down.
那個(gè)憤怒的人不久便平靜下來(lái)。
n.
（1）There was a calm on the sea.
海上一片寧?kù)o。
the calm before the storm
暴風(fēng)雨之前的寧?kù)o
（2）She faced the danger with complete calm.
她完全鎮(zhèn)定地面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)。
用法歸納
*calm可用作形容詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞。主要義項(xiàng)有：平靜的，無(wú)風(fēng)的，無(wú)浪的；寧?kù)o的，鎮(zhèn)靜的；（使）平靜；寧?kù)o，沉著。
4.content
例句集錦
n.
（1）The contents of the bag were missing.
袋子里面的東西不見(jiàn)了。
I don’t know the contents of the letter.
我不知道那封信的內(nèi)容。
（2）the （table of） contents 目錄，目次
（3）This book has very little content.
這本書(shū)內(nèi)容貧乏。
content and form 內(nèi)容與形式
（4）a low vitamin content 低的維生素含量
There’s a very high water content in pineapples.
菠蘿的含水量很高。
（5）live in content 滿足地生活
smile with content 滿意地微笑
I ate to my heart’s content.
我盡情地吃。
We had the chance to play golf to our hearts’ content.
我們有了盡情打高爾夫球的機(jī)會(huì)。
adj.
He’s not content with his present job.
他對(duì)目前的工作并不滿意。
He is content with very little.
他易于滿足。
She is content to stay here all the year.
她愿意整年留在這里。
v.
Nothing contents her.
沒(méi)有任何事物能使她滿足。
As there was no coffee,I had to content myself with a glass of water.
因?yàn)闆](méi)有咖啡，所以我只好以一杯水為滿足。
用法歸納
*content可用作名詞、形容詞、及物動(dòng)詞。主要義項(xiàng)有：內(nèi)容，目錄，含量，滿足；滿足的，滿意的；使?jié)M足，使?jié)M意。
●重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1.at hand
例句集錦
I always keep the handbook at hand.
我總是把那本手冊(cè)放在手邊。
Final examinations are at hand.
期末考試快到了。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）by hand 用手
She did all the sewing by hand.
她用手工做了所有的縫紉工作。
deliver a letter by hand 親手遞交信件
bring up a baby by hand 用牛乳養(yǎng)育嬰兒
（2）in hand 所有；在控制下；已經(jīng)著手；正在考慮中
I have only $50 in hand.
我手頭只有50美元。
Let’s finish the work in hand.
我們把手頭的工作完成吧。
（3）on hand 在近處；出席；迫近
They have some new goods on hand.
他們有一些新貨。
He advised me to be on hand.
他勸我出席。
A change may be on hand.
一項(xiàng)改變可能已經(jīng)迫近。
特別提示
以上由hand構(gòu)成的詞組hand前不用冠詞。
2.live through
例句集錦
He has lived through two wars and three revolutions.
他經(jīng)歷了兩次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和三次革命。
They lived through the Second World War.
他們經(jīng)歷過(guò)第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）get through 做/辦/看完；通過(guò)/讓通過(guò)；接通電話
I will be with you as soon as I get through this work.
我一做好這項(xiàng)工作就到你這兒來(lái)。
I got through the book in one evening.
我一個(gè)晚上就看完了這本書(shū)。
John has got through the English oral test.
約翰已經(jīng)通過(guò)了英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)考試。
I tried to telephone you but I couldn’t get through.
我設(shè)法打你的電話，但打不通。
The good news that our team won the match got through to us at last.
我們隊(duì)獲勝的好消息終于傳到了我們這兒。
（2）go through 審閱；檢查；討論；查看；看一遍；經(jīng)歷（困難、痛苦等），經(jīng)過(guò)（階段等）
I’d like to have you go through the book.
我想讓你審閱一下這本書(shū)。
He thought it his duties to go through the papers.
他認(rèn)為審閱這些文件是他的職責(zé)。
Mother went through the drawer looking for the sweater.
媽媽翻遍了抽屜尋找那件毛衣。
I did not want to go through college.
我不想上完大學(xué)了。
Most families went through a lot during the war.
大多數(shù)家庭在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間經(jīng)歷了很多的苦。
The country has gone through too many wars.
這個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
3.on end
例句集錦
make one’s hair stand on end（恐怖等）使人毛骨悚然
He stood the box on end.
他把箱子豎立起來(lái)。
It snowed for three days on end.
一連下了三天雪。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）at the end 結(jié)束；盡頭
She was at the end of the patience.
她已忍無(wú)可忍。
At the end of the road,you’ll find a hospital.
在這條路的盡頭，你會(huì)找到一家醫(yī)院。
We’ll have a dictation at the end of the class.
在臨近下課的時(shí)候，我們將進(jìn)行聽(tīng)寫(xiě)。
（2）in the end 最后；終于
He tired again and again and succeeded in the end.
他一試再試，終于成功了。
He tired many ways of earning a living,in the end he became a farm labourer.
他嘗試了許多謀生的方式，最后他做了農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人。
（3）put an end to 結(jié)束；停止
Let’s put an end to this quarrel.
我們結(jié)束這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)吵吧。
Death put an end to his wicked career.
死亡結(jié)束了他邪惡的一生。
We must put an end to this foolish behaviour.
我們必須制止這種愚蠢的行為。
The chief task of the moment is to put an end to the terrible pollution in the rivers.
當(dāng)務(wù)之急是制止河流的嚴(yán)重污染。
（4）come to an end完畢；終止；結(jié)束
The meeting came to an end early.
會(huì)議很早結(jié)束。
His lecture came to an end around ten o’clock.
他的講座在10點(diǎn)左右結(jié)束了。
特別提示
注意end構(gòu)成的詞組中不定冠詞、定冠詞、零冠詞的使用。
●必背句型
1.be to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)
教材原句
（1）If we are to develop the world successfully,we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.
如果我們要成功地開(kāi)發(fā)世界，就必須確保人人都能夠參與我們創(chuàng)造的新世界。
特別提示
be to do sth. 為將來(lái)時(shí)的一種形式。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）We are to meet at the school gate.
我們約好在校門(mén)口碰頭。
（2）You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
你要在10點(diǎn)前回來(lái)。
（3）If you are to pass the college entrance examination,I think you should work still harder.
你若想上大學(xué)（高考金榜題名），就應(yīng)更用功。
（4）The prize is to honour him for his great discovery.
獎(jiǎng)品是為了表彰他的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。
（5）He traveled to many mountain villages and saw many poor children out of school.This experience was to change his life.
他走了許多山村，看到了很多貧苦孩子失學(xué)。這一段經(jīng)歷后來(lái)改變了他的一生。
2.more ...than...結(jié)構(gòu)
教材原句
He looked more asleep than dead.
與其說(shuō)他看起來(lái)死了，不如說(shuō)他睡著了。
特別提示
more...than...意為：與其……不如……
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）There are more apples than pears.
蘋(píng)果比梨子多。
（2）He is more brave than wise.
他有勇無(wú)謀。
（3）The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.
與其說(shuō)它是一本語(yǔ)法書(shū)，倒不如說(shuō)是一本字典更確切。
（4）He was more frightened than hurt.
他沒(méi)受什么傷，倒是吃驚不小。
疑難突破
as though,even though,though
（1）as though=as if “好像；似乎”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句。as though 比as if更正式，描述非現(xiàn)實(shí)情況時(shí)，as if/as though 從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；在口語(yǔ)中，主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而且有內(nèi)容可清楚判別是表達(dá)現(xiàn)實(shí)的意思時(shí)，在as if 后的從句有時(shí)也可以用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
此外，若使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，這是表達(dá)實(shí)際的事實(shí)關(guān)系；as if/as though 從句里的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)可省略。
（2）even though=even if “即使；縱使”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。even if 的從句有強(qiáng)烈的假設(shè)性，而even though 則多以此從句內(nèi)容為前提。
Even though he is poor,she loves him.
=He is poor,yet she loves him.
盡管他很貧窮，但她還是愛(ài)他。
（3）though “雖然”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。even though 有退一步設(shè)想的意味，與though不同。though 引導(dǎo)的句子所說(shuō)的是事實(shí)，even though 引導(dǎo)的句子所說(shuō)的則不一定是事實(shí)。另外，though 還可用于倒裝句，這時(shí)作表語(yǔ)的名詞或形容詞要提前。
注意：though不能和but 連用。
應(yīng)用
（1）She always talks to me ______ she were my sister.
（2）He walked slowly ______ he had hurt his leg.
（3）It looks ______ we will be late.
（4）______ I have to sell my house,I will keep my business going.
（5）He will not tell me the secret ______ he knows it.
答案：（1）as if/as though （2）as if/as though （3）as if/as though （4）Even if/Even though （5）even if/even though/though
典例剖析
【例1】 （2003年上海，26）The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism______the widlife in the area.
A.in B.on C.at D.with
剖析：本題檢測(cè)考生在特定語(yǔ)境中選用恰當(dāng)介詞的能力。介詞的用法比較復(fù)雜，且多為固定搭配，無(wú)多少道理可講，因而對(duì)介詞的掌握主要靠平時(shí)多觀察、多留心、多記憶。本題中的名詞effects制約著后面介詞的選用。an effect on sth.意為“對(duì)某事的影響/作用”。“對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響”用have an effect/the effects on sb./sth.例如：The film had quite an effect on her.
答案：B
【例2】 （2004年全國(guó)卷Ⅳ,24）There are altogether eleven books on the shelf,______five are mine.
A.on which B.in which
C.of which D.from which
剖析：全句意思為：書(shū)架上有11本書(shū)，其中5本是我的。
答案：C
【例3】 （2004年北京，26）George Orwell,______was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays.
A.the real name B.what his real name
C.his real name D.whose real name
剖析：題干中，逗號(hào)之間的句子應(yīng)為定語(yǔ)從句，故排除C項(xiàng)，選D。
答案：D
【例4】 （2004年上海，36）American women usually identify their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently.
A.who B.as
C.about which D.with whom
剖析：“跟某人交談”要用talk with sb.,故選D。全句意思為：美國(guó)婦女通常認(rèn)定好朋友就是能夠經(jīng)常交談的人。
答案：D