1. gesture 姿態， 手勢； 舉止； 態度， 觀點
make a ~ of despair作出絕望的樣子
The government made a ~ towards public opinion.順應民意做出----姿態
speak by ~ 以手勢表達
They made a rude ~ at the driver of the other car.
友好的表示It is a nice ~ to invite his wife too.
They sent flowers as a ~ of sympathy to the parents of the child
I gave her some flowers as a gesture of apology 我送花表示我的歉意
Communicate with sb by ~
It’s a nice ~ to invite them as well as the child.態度， 意圖， 表示
Vt. ~ to/for sb to do sth
She ~d for them to come in.
What is the altitude of the village?
It’s difficult to breathes at these ~ s.
2. friction
There is a great deal of ~ between the management and the work force.
Conflicts and ~s to be solved
3. restore 把---拿回原處， 恢復原狀， 復興， 使（失去的習慣等）復舊； 修復， 使復原
~ sb to sth; ~ sth to sb, 使---恢復到（原先的狀況， 地位等）
~ my health; ~ me to health
The company restored him to his former job.公司恢復他原來的工作
~ sth: ~ my beauty, sight, confidence 恢復---姿色， 視力， 信心
Her job is ~ing old paintings
The police restored order. 恢復秩序 ~ a temple
restoration 恢復， 還原 the ~ of peace 恢復和平 one’s ~ to health 對---的恢復
復職， 復位 the ~ to his job
4. appoint vt (1) 挑……做某工作或任某職位，任命，委派
～ sb (to sth)/ (as) sth/ to do sth
～ Tom to the vacant post/ (as) Chairman 委派湯姆填補那空缺/ 做主席
(2) ～ sth (for sth) 確定…… ～ a date for a meeting
appointment 約會，約定
5. bother : (1) vt ① ～sb about/ with sth 打擾、煩擾；給……添麻煩
I’m sorry to ～ you, but could you tell me the way to the station?
Does the smoking ～ you? 我抽煙影響你嗎？
Don’t ～ your father (about it) now; he’s very tired now.
② 使……不安 the problem has been ～ing me for weeks.
(2) vi.① (為做某事) 費功夫,添麻煩
He didn’t even ～ to say thank you. 他甚至連說聲謝謝都不肯。
② 關心 ～ about sth/ sb
(3) n ① [U] 麻煩，不便 ②[C] a ～ 惱人的事物
6. divorce n (1)離婚，離異 ask for a ～ 申請離婚 get/ obtain a ～ 獲準離婚
(2)[C] 分離，斷絕關系
vt (1)與……離婚 (2) (尤用被動) 使……與……分開 divorce sb/sth from sth
7. mercy
at the ~ of任由---的擺布，The boat was at the ~ of the rapid river. 那條河任由湍急的河流擺布
without ~ 毫不留情地， 殘忍地
have/take (no) ~ on對---（不）同情He had/took little ~ on the prisoner.
show ~ to 對---表示憐憫He showed little ~ to the prisoner.他對囚犯毫不寬容
throw oneself on sb’s ~ 請求某人的寬恕
They had no ~ on their prisoners.他們對囚犯毫無憐憫之意
The blacks used to be treated without ~.黑人以前遭到殘忍的虐待
She is a kind girl and she often shows ~ on the poor.
a mercy （口語）恩惠， 幸運It’s a mercy that we have met you here.
8. court (1) [C,U] 法庭，法院 take sb to court 起訴，控告某人
go to court（over sth）起訴，打官司
(2) 宮廷，朝廷（常用Court）
the court宮廷上下
The court moves to the country in the summer. 夏天王室上下都移居到鄉下去。
9. prison (1) [C] 監獄，看守所
(2) [U] 被監禁；服刑，坐牢
go to prison 入獄 be in prison 在獄中 send sb to prison 判…刑
come out of prison 出獄 escape from prison 越獄
Does prison do anything to prevent crime?采用關押方法對制止犯罪有用嗎？
10. charge (1) vt charge sb with sth 以……控告某人 He was charged with murder.
(2) vi/vt charge (sb/sth ) for sth ; charge (sb) sth (for sth) 要價
How much do you charge (me) for mending shoes?
(3) vt 給……充電 charge a battery 給蓄電池充電
n. in charge of sth 控制，支配…… take charge (of sth) 控制……，承擔…責任
11. withdraw: vt. 撤回, 取回, 撤消, 使撤退, 拉開, 移開 vi. 撤退, 離開
變化形式： withdrew 、 withdrawn, 、 withdrawing、 withdraws
withdrew her application; withdrew his son from the race. 收回她的申請；不讓他兒子參加賽跑
withdrew the accusation. 撤回控訴
to withdraw a remark收回一句話
withdraw a boy from school把孩子從學校領回
withdraw one's eyes from把視線從...移開(不再看...)
withdraw a bill [demand, offer] 撤消議案[要求、建議]
withdraw a remark收回發言
withdrew from the competition. 從競爭中退出
to withdraw $500 from a bank account從銀行提取500美元
After dinner the ladies withdrew. 飯后婦女們退出
He withdrew from the race. 他退出比賽
The army withdrew. 軍隊撤退了
withdraw one's hand from the hot stove把手從熱火爐旁縮回
withdraw troops from a place從某地撤軍
12. accommodation: n. 1. 適應;調節[U] 2. 調和;和解[U][C] 3. 樂于助人[U]
4 . 方便;方便設施[U][C] 5. 住處;膳宿[P1][U]
6. 【美】(舟、車等處的)預訂鋪位(或座位)[P]
7. 眼調節[U] 8. 【美】貸款 9. 融通票據的簽發
13. enlarge: vt. 1. 擴大;擴展 2. 放大(照片) 3. 【美】釋放
vi. 1. 擴大 2. 詳述[(+on/upon)]
enlarge one’s views by reading 以讀書來增長見識
～ the playground / photo 擴大操場 / 放大照片
～ one’s experience 擴大經驗
14. sponsor: n. [C] 1. 發起者;主辦者;倡議者
I asked my uncle to stand ～ for me. 我請求叔父做我的保證
2. 保證人
3. (廣播、電視節目的)贊助者 4. 教父,教母
vt. 1. 發起;主辦;倡議 2. 為...做保證人 3. 資助,贊助
15. insurance 保險（契約）；保險業；保險費
insurance against sth 保險措施；(預防損失，失敗等的)安全保障
People without insurance had to pay for their own repairs. 未投保者需自付修理費。
an insurance against theft/ fire 盜竊保險；火險
insure vt. insurance sb against sth
insurance oneself/ one’s life for 50,000 yuan 為自己投5萬元的人壽保險
16. avenue 大道，林蔭道；大街；途徑，手段 an avenue to success/fame 成功之路，成名之路
Several avenues are open to us. 我們前面有幾條可行之路。
We have explored every avenue. 我們已經探索過了各種途徑。
17. focal ：adj 在焦點上的，焦點的 focal point 重點
Reducing unemployment is the focal point of the government’s plans.
減少失業人數時政府工作計劃的重點。
focus ~es (pl) （光，聲等的中心，源）；焦點，焦距；活動的中心，使人感興趣的所在
the focus of an earthquake 震源
Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她長得漂亮，惹人注目。
be out of focus 模糊，不清楚或不在焦點上
be in focus bring sth/ come into focus 使某物清晰，明確
vt. focus sth on sth focus your mind on the following problem 把思維集中到如下的題目
vi. focus on sth I’m so tired that I can’t focus on anything today. 我太疲勞，精神集中不起來。
18. impressiveness n.【 u】氣勢宏偉
impressive 給人印象深刻的 an impressive building/ ceremony 令人難忘的儀式，建筑
impressively His collection of paintings is most impressive. 他的繪畫收藏令人嘆為觀止。
impression 印象 impressionism 印象派，印象主義
impress
19. decoration 裝飾，裝璜；（復數）裝飾品 festival ~s 節日的裝飾物 勛章，獎章
decorate vt. 裝飾，裝璜 ；授勛章給。。。vi. 裝飾，布置
The hall is decorated with red flags. 禮堂里掛著紅旗。
decorator 室內裝飾家；制景人員 adj. 適于室內裝飾的 a decorator fabric
20. inspect: vt. 1. 檢查;審查 2. 檢閱;視察
vi. 進行檢查;進行視察
21. mark: n. 1. 痕跡;污點;瘢疤[C]
The scandal left a mark on his reputation. 那件丑事玷污了他的名聲。
2. 記號;符號;標記[C]
You can see in him the marks of an educated man. 從他身上你可以看到受過教育的人的特點。
3. 【英】分數;成績[C] 4. 靶子;目標[C] 5. 標準,常態[the S]
6. (常大寫)(與數字連用表示武器等的)...型,...式[C] a Mark 4 gun 四式槍
7. (代替簽名的)十字押[C] 8. 著名,卓越[U] 9. 影響[C] 10. (田徑賽)起跑線[C]
vt. 1. 做記號于;留痕跡于;標明
The box of eggs was marked "With Care". 這個雞蛋盒標上了"小心"字樣。
2. 標志;表示...的特征 3. 記下,錄下 4. 給(試卷等)打分數
The teacher marked the examination papers. 教師給試卷打了分數。
5. 注意,留心[+wh-]
Mark carefully how the job is done. 好好注意這活兒是怎樣做的。
6. 明顯表示,表明
7. 【英】(球賽中)盯(人)
vi. 1. 留下痕跡(或傷痕),弄污 2. 作記號(或符號) 3. 注意
n. (德國的貨幣單位) 馬克[C]
22. exposure: n. 1. 暴露;暴曬[U][(+to)]
2. 揭露,揭發[U][C][(+of)]
3. (商品等的)陳列[U]
4. 曝光;曝光時間;(照相)軟片[C][U]
5. (住家等的)朝向,方位[C][U]
23. raise: vt. 1. 舉起,抬起
He raised his glass and said: "Your health, Carl." 他舉起了杯子說道:"祝你健康,卡爾。"
2. 增加;提高;提升[(+to)]
The landlord raised my rent. 房東提高了我的租金。
3. 籌(款);招(兵);集結
They are going to raise funds for the school buildings. 他們將為蓋校舍籌集資金。
4. 養育;種植;飼養 5. 提出;發出 6. 引起;喚起;揚起 7. 豎起;建起
8. 撤除(包圍,封鎖等),解(禁) 9. 使復活;使(鬼魂)出現
10. 給(賭注)加碼,提高(賭注) 11. (用無線電)和...取得聯系
n. 1. 【美】加薪;加薪額[C]
I am going to ask the boss for a raise. 我要找老板要求加薪。
2. 提高,舉,升 3. 高處;拱高路段 4. 【牌】賭注加碼,加叫
變化形式： 動變: raised; raised; raising 名復: raises
辨析：raise; keep; support; feed
這四個詞都有“撫養”、“養家”、“贍養”的意思，但也有區別。
raise意為“撫養（指人）；飼養（指動物或禽畜）”之意。如：
He raised the children himself；his wife died years ago．
他的妻子多年以前就去世了，他一手把孩子拉扯大。
He raised those goats from new-born kids．那些羊從小羊羔時就是他喂養的。
keep表示“養活（指人）；飼養（指動物或禽畜）”。如：
John has his wife and six children to keep（support）．約翰要養活妻子和六個孩子。
They kept some hens and pigs．他們養了一些雞和豬。
support意為“養活”，不用于飼養動物。如：
She supports her old mother．她贍養老母親。
He has a large family to support．他要養活一大家子。
feed意為“喂熝牐凰茄；以……為食”。如：
Have you fed the baby／cow yet？嬰兒／牛喂了嗎？
She fed meat to her dog. ＝She fed her dog with／on meat．她用肉喂狗。
Foxes feed on small animals．狐貍以小動物為食。
24. treasure：n. 1. 金銀財寶,財富[U]
It is said that the pirates buried their treasure on this island.據說海盜把他們的金銀財寶埋藏在這個島上。
2. 貴重物品[C] 3. 【口】不可多得的人才[C]
My secretary's a real treasure. 我的秘書是個難得的人才。
4. 【口】(用以稱呼孩子或姑娘)寶貝[C]
vt. 1. 珍愛,珍視
We treasure our friendship. 我們珍惜我們之間的友誼。
2. 儲存;珍藏 3. 銘記[(+up)]
I treasure up my father's dying words. 我銘記父親的遺言。
名復: treasures 動變: treasured; treasured; treasuring