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劍橋雅思作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
在學(xué)習(xí)、工作乃至生活中，大家都跟作文打過(guò)交道吧，借助作文可以提高我們的語(yǔ)言組織能力。作文的注意事項(xiàng)有許多，你確定會(huì)寫(xiě)嗎？下面是小編精心整理的劍橋雅思作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，歡迎閱讀與收藏。
劍橋雅思作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
Task Response
Coherence and Cohesion
Lexical Resource
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
雅思的4Gates就是其評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，分別為“內(nèi)容”，“邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)”，“語(yǔ)法的準(zhǔn)確使用和范圍”以及“詞匯量”四個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
實(shí)際案例
根據(jù)下面的全面修改案例，讀者可以清楚的看到一篇5.5分的雅思范文是如何在修改之前蛻變成為高分作品。
Cambridge 8 – Test 2
Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?
Has this become a positive or negative development?
原文：
Nowadays the way people interact with each other has changed because of technology.
Yes, the technology has changed the people’s interaction in very enhanced manner. Earlier people use to wait and try to find easy way to contact their friends or relatives leaving far. In past there was no quick technology to contact or to establish any communication between one person to another person. The drawback with past communication systems was that it were very slow and were time taking process such as telegrams, letter etc. People used to afraid to write their personal feedbacks or things to their love ones due to insecure medium of communication. When it comes to professional level, the privacy and accuracy should be maintain but, to that time there were no secure communications.
Now the things have changed around, people from far distance contact their loves one in an easy and quick ways which improves the interaction level between two person. Quality the level of the interaction between people to people, has improved because the people are equipped with high-tec technology which enhances the communication. There are many many medium which are available now such as internet, called cards etc.
The technology has provided the mobility faster which help people to talk or to interact at any time anywhere in the world.
People can contact their friend or relatives any time they want. It has become so easier and feriendly to be in touch with your feriends, relatives even with the unknown people.
原文翻譯：
今天，由于科技的發(fā)展人們相互交流的方式也發(fā)生了改變。
是的。技術(shù)改善了人們的交流方式。以前人們總是期待找到方便的方法聯(lián)系居住在異地的親朋好友。以前沒(méi)有高效的技術(shù)幫助人們溝通交流。以往的通訊系統(tǒng)的問(wèn)題是速度慢，費(fèi)時(shí)間，比如：電報(bào)和信件等。在過(guò)去，人們不敢給愛(ài)人寫(xiě)一些私密的事情因?yàn)閾?dān)心通信不夠安全。專(zhuān)業(yè)的通信技術(shù)應(yīng)該是安全的、準(zhǔn)確的，但是在當(dāng)時(shí)根本沒(méi)有安全的通信可言。
現(xiàn)在，這些事情已經(jīng)改變了，住在遠(yuǎn)處的人們利用一種高效的方式聯(lián)系他們的愛(ài)人。這些方式改善了人們之間的交流方式。因?yàn)槿藗兪褂昧烁纳平涣鞯母呖萍�，所以他們交流的方式已�?jīng)得到改善。現(xiàn)在有了很多這類(lèi)媒體，比如：國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、語(yǔ)音卡等。
這些技術(shù)提供了更快的移動(dòng)性，幫助人們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)間、世界上的任何地方與他人溝通。
現(xiàn)在人們能夠在任何時(shí)間聯(lián)系親朋好友。和朋友、家人以及陌生人的溝通變得更容易了。
�。ㄗⅲ荷鲜龅牧�(xí)作存在語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤和表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤，因此對(duì)應(yīng)的翻譯也有一定出入。）
Sample Answer:
This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 5.5 score. Here is the examiner’s comment:
這是一位考生寫(xiě)的5.5分作文。下面是考官的評(píng)語(yǔ)。
The topic introduction has been copied from the task and is deducted from the word count. This leaves the answer underlength at 236 words, so the candidate loses marks for this.
文章的開(kāi)篇是從標(biāo)題中抄來(lái)的，所以不能算字?jǐn)?shù)。剩下的只有236個(gè)字，考生因此失分。
This answer addresses both questions, but the first is not well covered in terms of how actual relationships have changed. Nevertheless, there is a clear opinion that the effects have been positive and relationships have improved, with some relevant ideas to support this. There is a general progression to the argument, with some effective use of time markers and linkers. There is also some repetition, however. Paragraphing is not always logical, and ideas are not always well linked. A range of vocabulary that is relevant to the topic is used, including some precise and natural expressions. There are quite a lot of mistakes in word form, word choice or spelling, but these do not usually reduce understanding. A variety of sentence type is used, but not always accurately. Errors in grammar and punctuation are distracting at times, but only rarely cause problems for the reader.
此文回答了兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，但是在回答第一個(gè)問(wèn)題時(shí)，并沒(méi)有充分討論問(wèn)題中關(guān)于現(xiàn)實(shí)中的關(guān)系是如何改變的。但是，文章展示了清晰的觀點(diǎn)（這些影響都是好的，而且這些關(guān)系都有所改善）并配以相關(guān)的觀點(diǎn)支持。文章的論證循序漸進(jìn)，使用了很多表示時(shí)間的提示詞以及連接詞，但是個(gè)別有些重復(fù)。分段不夠邏輯，而且一些觀點(diǎn)沒(méi)有充分的關(guān)聯(lián)。使用了一些與主題相關(guān)的詞匯，包括準(zhǔn)確并自然的表達(dá)。雖然有一些詞性、詞義以及拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，但是并不會(huì)太影響理解。使用了各種句型，但是很多不太準(zhǔn)。語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤和標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤有時(shí)會(huì)干擾理解，但是不會(huì)給讀者產(chǎn)生太大的麻煩。
修改后：
Nowadays,.(It is true that technology has shifted people’s communicative ways. 利用It is true that的句式突出后面的事件；Change和shift是同義詞替換；the way people interact和communicative way是同義詞替換。這樣的改變可以避免引用標(biāo)題中的原詞。)
（拒絕非正式的使用方法。）The technology has changed the people’s interaction in very enhanced manner. Earlier people used（前后時(shí)態(tài)必須一致。）to wait and try to find easy ways（名詞單復(fù)數(shù)）to contact their friends or relatives leaving far. In the past, there was no （詞匯使用不當(dāng)，應(yīng)該改成effective）technology to contact others or to establish any communication between two people. And（重要的連接詞，表示本句和上一句共同解釋為什么“人們一直在期待找到更有效的通訊方式�！保﹖he drawback ofthe past communication systems was that they （指代不清，這里指代的是communication systems）were too （表示“太”。）slow and were time-consuming （表示“費(fèi)時(shí)”）, including （這是應(yīng)該使用分詞形式，表示對(duì)主句的communication ways的具體描述。）the telegrams, the letter etc. Not only that,（這里需要連接詞）people used to be afraid to write their personal feedbacks or things to their loved ones because of （because of 強(qiáng)調(diào)“外部原因”；due to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“根據(jù)”）information security （根據(jù)上下文理解，此處應(yīng)該表達(dá)的是“信息安全”）of communication. (They worried their letters might be stolen or read by some strangers.這里可以繼續(xù)描述人們的擔(dān)心。)
However，（上文主要討論過(guò)去的情況，而接下來(lái)將討論現(xiàn)在的改變）now the things have changed around.（必須避免使用“，”連接兩個(gè)句子。正確的處理方法是，要么采用斷句的方法，要么添加連詞。）People in a long distance contact their lovesd one in (effective and efficient) ways, which improve（主謂一致，which代替ways。）the interaction level between two persons. Quality （用詞重復(fù)）of the interaction between people and people（主謂之間不能添加“，”。）has been improved（這里使用被動(dòng)是因?yàn)闇贤ㄙ|(zhì)量的提升是因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)的發(fā)展。）because they are equipped with high-techdevices which enhances their communication. There are many（重復(fù)）mediummediaavailable such as internet, called cards etc.So the technology has provided better mobility , which help people to talk or keep in touch with each other at any time anywhere in the world.（不應(yīng)該單獨(dú)成段，應(yīng)該和上一段結(jié)合在一起。）（本句應(yīng)該被刪除，因?yàn)闆](méi)有提出任何新的觀點(diǎn)，并且與上文的句子非常重復(fù)。）
雅思作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)細(xì)則
1. Task response & Task achievement
此項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢測(cè)的是考生是否恰當(dāng)回答了寫(xiě)作要求的程度(degree to which the exam question has been answered properly).
Task 1的要求是考生在大約20分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇至少150字的文章，包括：summarize, describe or explain 圖表所包含的信息，同時(shí)也需要對(duì)相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行比較。因此完成一篇較好的小作文，需要做到以下幾點(diǎn)：
1)Identify ALL key features (找出圖表中所有的關(guān)鍵信息)
2)Provide sufficient detail for a meaningful explanation(進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明時(shí)提供充分、適量的信息)，但是不要太多也不要太少!(突然想起了老外吐槽咱們中國(guó)食譜中的加鹽“少許”)同時(shí)保證在描寫(xiě)趨勢(shì)和數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)的準(zhǔn)確性。
3)A clear overview (一個(gè)清晰的概述)：summarise significant trends/features(總結(jié)出最明顯的趨勢(shì)和特征)
Task 2 的要求是考生在大約40分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇至少250字的文章：就某一問(wèn)題闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)，并使用證據(jù)來(lái)支持此觀點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)注意：task 2 的分值比task 1要高! 那么要完成一篇出色的大作文，需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1)respond completely to all parts of the question (回答題目中的所有要求)
2)develop and support your ideas (提出并使用論據(jù)支持自己的觀點(diǎn))：不要只提觀點(diǎn)!添加explanations, examples or experiences!
3)ensure your opinion is clear (保證整篇文章的觀點(diǎn)清晰一致)
最后，提供考生們?cè)趯?xiě)作時(shí)可以運(yùn)用的一個(gè)checklist：標(biāo)出題目中的關(guān)鍵詞;找出問(wèn)題中有幾個(gè)部分;保證完成題目中的所有要求;寫(xiě)作之前先梳理出觀點(diǎn)并確定其相關(guān)性;然后將觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)和排序;嚴(yán)格遵循建議時(shí)間(20min+40 min)并達(dá)到最低字?jǐn)?shù)要求。
2. Coherence & cohesion
該評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)旨在考察考生組織文章以及連接信息和觀點(diǎn)的能力。幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)如下：
1)進(jìn)行分段
2)句首中心句
3)使用連接詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)連接段落和句子 (注意不要使用過(guò)度!)
3. Lexical Resources
此項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考察考生寫(xiě)作詞匯的多樣性&準(zhǔn)確性。
關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，很多考生走入一個(gè)誤區(qū)，認(rèn)為用越多復(fù)雜和高級(jí)的詞匯分?jǐn)?shù)就越高。首先，我們必須承認(rèn)，在表達(dá)同一意思的單詞中，選擇高級(jí)的正式的詞匯確實(shí)有助于提高分?jǐn)?shù)。但是，前提是這些詞必須準(zhǔn)確和地道，否則我們寧愿選擇相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單但是精確的詞匯。此外，詞匯中還有一點(diǎn)非常重要的是——多樣性。一篇文章中，表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思的單詞應(yīng)盡量用不同單詞、短語(yǔ)或其它方法表達(dá)。因此，詞匯方面應(yīng)該注意三個(gè)方面：1.高級(jí)或正式;2.多樣性;3.地道和恰當(dāng)性。
針對(duì)這一特點(diǎn)，文都留學(xué)建議考生拋棄平時(shí)“一個(gè)英文單詞對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)中文翻譯”死板的記單詞方法，盡量把單詞放在句子等有語(yǔ)境的地方去進(jìn)行記憶，或者使用英英字典查閱生詞。這樣不僅能記住單詞更精確的意思，也能了解它的用法，而且，單詞會(huì)記得更牢靠。
4. Grammatical Range & Accuracy
語(yǔ)法這一概念主要針對(duì)的是句型方面，主要指的是句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確性和豐富性，句子的長(zhǎng)度和復(fù)雜性。句型和詞匯一樣，并不是越復(fù)雜越長(zhǎng)就越好，前提是它一定要準(zhǔn)確。當(dāng)然，一定要句型使用靈活，可以簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)雜句混合一起使用。所謂的復(fù)雜句包括由and等連詞連接的并列句，各種從句，也包括分詞的使用。切記，千萬(wàn)不要為了使句子復(fù)雜，而強(qiáng)行將幾個(gè)沒(méi)有關(guān)系的句子用從句連接起來(lái)，否則，會(huì)導(dǎo)致考官不知所云的嚴(yán)重結(jié)果。
當(dāng)然，語(yǔ)法準(zhǔn)確性也包括時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致、各種搭配、標(biāo)點(diǎn)等小一點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。希望烤鴨們平時(shí)多多注意這些細(xì)節(jié)方面的內(nèi)容。
當(dāng)然了，雅思考試中最重要的還是要體現(xiàn)詞匯量，那么雅思詞匯如何記憶才能不易忘呢?事實(shí)上，單詞記憶是講究方法的，死記硬背是不提倡的。今天小編就和大家講講背雅思詞匯的問(wèn)題，希望能對(duì)大家學(xué)習(xí)雅思詞匯有一定幫助。
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